{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:00:04Z","timestamp":1774612804098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Technology and Innovation Foundation of Fujian, China","award":["2018Y9060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018Y9060"]}]},{"name":"Medical Innovation Foundation of Fujian, China","award":["2017-CX-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-CX-21"]}]},{"name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Foundation of Fujian, China","award":["2017Y9021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017Y9021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the standard surgical technique is conventional microdiscectomy. In recent years, minimally invasive techniques (eg, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED), paraspinal minitubular microdiscectomy (PMTM)) have gained increasing interest. PTED and PMTM are considered alternative minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of LDH. Due to insufficient evidence, the differences in efficacy between PTED and PMTM have been debated. A pragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial has been designed to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PTED versus PMTM for the treatment of LDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 280 patients (18\u201370 years) presenting with significant symptoms of sciatica and failure after 3 months of conservative treatment will be recruited. Patients must have an indication for surgery based on MRI demonstrating LDH with nerve root compression. Patients will be randomised to PTED or PMTM treatment. The primary outcome is Oswestry Disability Index scores. Secondary outcomes include Visual Analogue Scale scores, Short Form 36 health survey scores, physical examination, length of hospital stay, costs and complications. Outcomes will be measured the day following surgery, at 1\u2009week, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgical treatment. Physical examination will be conducted at 1\u2009week, 1\u2009month and 12 months after surgery. The non-inferiority margin for the primary outcome is 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China (2018YF010-02). Results of the research will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal and disseminated through presentation at scientific conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR1800015727; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T05:05:19Z","timestamp":1577768719000},"page":"e033888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical evaluation of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and paraspinal minitubular microdiscectomy (PMTM) for lumbar disc herniation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ze Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan Dong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4483-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121513300958000_9.12.e033888.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1603-7"},{"key":"2025121513300958000_9.12.e033888.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2422-9","article-title":"Surgical techniques for sciatica due to herniated disc, a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2025121513300958000_9.12.e033888.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193408022110506"},{"key":"2025121513300958000_9.12.e033888.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasargil MG . 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