{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:36:05Z","timestamp":1760834165450,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584316800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-A1 S0070."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A1 S0070."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the last 15 years, the prevalence of HIV in Haiti has stabilised to around 2.0%. However, key populations remain at higher risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of HIV is 12.9% among men having sex with men (MSM). There is limited information about the prevalence of other STI in the Haitian population in general and even less among key populations. We assessed the burden of <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (CT) and <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (NG) and risk factors for infections among MSM in Haiti.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted. MSM were recruited from seven health facilities in Port-au-Prince. All samples were tested by nucleic acid amplification test, using GeneXpert. A survey was administered to the participants to collect socio-demographic, clinical and risk behaviour data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 216 MSM were recruited in the study. The prevalence rates of CT and NG were 11.1% and 16.2%, respectively. CT NG co-infections were found in 10\/216 (4.6%) of the participants. There were 39 MSM with rectal STI compared with 17 with genital infections. Participants between 18\u201324 and 30\u201334 years old were significantly more likely to be infected with NG than those aged 35 years or older (OR: 22.96, 95%\u2009CI: 2.79 to 188.5; OR: 15.1, 95%\u2009CI: 1.68 to 135.4, respectively). Participants who never attended school or had some primary education were significantly more likely to be infected with NG than those with secondary education or higher (OR: 3.38, 95%\u2009CI: 1.26 to 9.07). People tested negative for HIV were significantly more likely to be infected with CT than people living with HIV\/AIDS (OR: 3.91, 95%\u2009CI: 1.37 to 11.2).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Periodic risk assessment and testing for STI should be offered in Haiti as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve the sexual health of key populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T05:05:26Z","timestamp":1584421526000},"page":"e033976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> in men having sex with men in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7073-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantz","family":"Jean Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip-MatCH, P\u00e9tion-Ville, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guethina","family":"Galbaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip-MatCH, P\u00e9tion-Ville, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip-MatCH, P\u00e9tion-Ville, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Pericles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip-MatCH, P\u00e9tion-Ville, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ito","family":"Journel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health and Population of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josiane","family":"Buteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health and Population of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Boncy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health and Population of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Jean Francois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID, Port-au-Prince, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Wysler","family":"Domercant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equip-MatCH, P\u00e9tion-Ville, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population (MSPP) . Enqu\u00eate Mortalit\u00e9, Morbidit\u00e9 et utilisation des services (EMMUS-VI) 2016-2017, 2018. https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR326\/FR326.pdf"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00011","article-title":"Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Haiti","volume":"125","author":"Deschamps","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/hiv.10.6"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.4","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sante Publique et de la Population Programme National de Lutte Contre le VIH\/Sida . Rapport REDES 2014 et 2015 estimation Du flux des ressources et d\u00e9penses li\u00e9es Au VIH\/sida, 2016. Available: https:\/\/mspp.gouv.ht\/site\/downloads\/Rapport%20Final%20REDES%202016.pdf [Accessed Jul 2019]."},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.5","unstructured":"FHI 360 LINKAGES . Programmatic mapping and size estimation of key populations in Haiti, 2017. Available: https:\/\/www.fhi360.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/resource-linkages-haiti-size-key-populations-april-2017.pdf [Accessed Jul 2019]."},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.6","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization . Improving access of key populations to comprehensive HIV health services towards a Caribbean consensus, 2011. Available: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/hq\/dmdocuments\/2012\/Access-of-Key-Populations-to-HIV-Health-Care-Consensus-document.pdf [Accessed Jul 2019]."},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.7","unstructured":"Programme National de Lutte contre les IST\/VIH\/SIDA . Bulletin de surveillance Epidemiologique VIHSida numero 13, 2017. 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Available: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/medicinedocs\/en\/p\/printable.html#TopOfPage [Accessed Jul 2019]."},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.496","article-title":"Economic hardship and sexually transmitted diseases in Haiti's rural Artibonite Valley","volume":"62","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.3.764"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0762"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203322556200"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.3.190"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200204000-00001"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430704"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.5.888"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000892","article-title":"Screening Peter to save Paul","volume":"45","author":"Ridpath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c3ef29"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.017319"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.71.3.150"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3"},{"key":"2025101810222629000_10.3.e033976.31","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 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