{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:34:45Z","timestamp":1787499285596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a frequent complication of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among neonates with jaundice and to assess mothers\u2019 perception towards G6PD and NNJ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out on 487 ethnic Egyptian neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinaemia from June 2018 to July 2019. The collected data included maternal and neonatal characteristics. Laboratory investigations included serum bilirubin, reticulocyte count, ABO grouping, Rh typing and neonatal serum G6PD test. Mothers were interviewed individually using a structured, researcher-administered questionnaire to assess their perceptions of G6PD deficiency and NNJ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 10.10%. Neonates with G6PD deficiency showed higher levels of serum bilirubin (p&lt;0.001). Male gender, family history of G6PD deficiency and consanguinity were risk factors for G6PD deficiency (OR=4.27, 95% CI 1.66 - 10.99; OR=9.54, 95% CI 4.80- 18.95; OR=10.219, 95% CI 5.39 - 19.33, respectively). Mothers\u2019 perceptions of NNJ and G6PD were low, with only 30% having good knowledge on NNJ and 17.10% on G6PD deficiency, 46.8% with positive attitude towards NNJ and 45.0% towards G6PD deficiency, and 29.9% with good practice towards NNJ and 19.9% towards G6PD deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>G6PD deficiency seems to be an important cause of NNJ. Mothers\u2019 perceptions of both NNJ and G6PD deficiency were low. A mass health education programme on both of these diseases is needed to ensure better and early detection, good timing of treatment, and better prevention of the triggering factors to ensure better health for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T06:15:31Z","timestamp":1582697731000},"page":"e034079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence of and mothers\u2019 knowledge, attitude and practice towards glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among neonates with jaundice: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab A","family":"Kasemy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Community Medicine, Menoufia Faculty of medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael A","family":"Bahbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics department, Menoufia faculty of medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally M","family":"El Hefnawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistery department, Menoufia faculty of medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa H","family":"Alkalash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family medicine department, Menoufia faculty of medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2015.07.009","article-title":"Investigation of jaundice","volume":"43","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.065","article-title":"Bilirubin concentrations in jaundiced neonates with conjunctival icterus","volume":"167","author":"Azzuqa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v10i1.1582","article-title":"The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at national district hospital in Bloemfontein","volume":"10","author":"Brits","year":"2018","journal-title":"Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2008.11.001"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-077412"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.6","unstructured":"Glader B . Hereditary hemolytic anemias due to red blood cell enzyme disorders. In: Greer JP , Foerster J , Rodgers GM , eds. Wintrobe\u2019s clinical hematology. 12th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2009: 933."},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2011.02.010"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.8","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency","volume":"72","author":"Frank","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1148133","article-title":"Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in jaundiced Egyptian neonates","volume":"29","author":"M Abo El Fotoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2017.362","article-title":"Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in neonates in Egypt","volume":"37","author":"Elella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.11","unstructured":"El-Sayed L , Tantawi H . Prevention of hemolytic crisis among G6PD children: effect of educational program intervention. J Am Sci 2012;8."},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.12","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in jaundiced neonates in Egypt","volume":"3","author":"El-Menshay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.13","first-page":"98","article-title":"Molecular basis of G6PD deficiency in hyperbilirubinemic neonates in middle Euphrates Province: Iraq","volume":"3","author":"Frankool","year":"2010","journal-title":"Karbala J Med"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.14","first-page":"346","article-title":"Molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Fars Province of Iran","volume":"88","author":"Karimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/096914106777589641"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2017.60.4.106","article-title":"Neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"60","author":"Isa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0654"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.JCN_59_16","article-title":"To study the prevalence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and to compare the course of the neonatal jaundice in deficient versus non deficient neonates","volume":"6","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neonatol"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.19","unstructured":"Eghbalian E , Monsef A . Evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency without hemolysis in icteric newborns. Iran J Pediatr 2007;17."},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3291.ijcp20190710","article-title":"Assessment of the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in rbcS of live new-borns born at tertiary care hospital","volume":"6","author":"","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-434","article-title":"A Japanese neonatal case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency presenting as severe jaundice and hemolytic anemia without apparent trigger","volume":"2","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13216.x","article-title":"Severe neonatal jaundice associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: pathogenesis and global epidemiology","volume":"394","author":"Valaes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmi042"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.24","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Epidemiology of iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant women in menoufia governorate, Egypt and Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A comparative study)","volume":"29","author":"Abu Salem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.297"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.26","first-page":"21","article-title":"A comparative study of peak total serum bilirubin level in neonates with ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibility and G6PD deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOSR J Dental Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.27","first-page":"122","article-title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in jaundiced neonates","volume":"94","author":"Hussain","year":"2010","journal-title":"JMPI"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V36N12p1003","article-title":"Identifying risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and early discharge for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient newborns in Singapore","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.29","first-page":"3440","article-title":"Outcome of jaundice in neonates with ABO and Rh blood incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"28","author":"Aletayeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.30","first-page":"1542","article-title":"Extent of knowledge of mothers of neonates with G6PD deficiency in Hilla City","volume":"23","author":"Al-Joborae","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Babylon Univ\/ Pure Appl Sci"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.31","unstructured":"Al Arrayed S , Al Hajeri A . Public awareness of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2011;33."},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almuhaini MS , Alruzayhi MK , Alwassel AI . Public awareness of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD. 4. Deficiency Causes and Prevalence Factors: The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 2018. http:\/\/oaji.net\/pdf.html?n=2017\/2705-1517398879.pdf","DOI":"10.12816\/0045066"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.JCN_119_18","article-title":"Mothers' perception of neonatal jaundice in Jazan region, KSA","volume":"8","author":"Magfouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neonatol"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.32677\/IJCH.2017.v04.i04.033","article-title":"Attitude beliefs, and practices of postnatal mothers in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India","volume":"4","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Child Health"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.35","first-page":"239","article-title":"Malaysian mothers' knowledge & practices on care of neonatal jaundice","volume":"66","author":"Boo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-1936.170741","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice: knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers in Mosan-Okunola community, Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"22","author":"Goodman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Niger Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.37","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi parents towards neonatal jaundice (NNJ)","volume":"70","author":"Alfouwais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt J Hospital Med"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-2098.198793","article-title":"Mothers' perception toward neonatal jaundice in Kafr El-batanoon village, Menoufia, Egypt","volume":"29","author":"Allahony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Menoufia Med J"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.39","first-page":"113","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of jaundice in newborns with jaundice in the first 24 hours of birth in children's hospital and Shariati hospital of Bandar Abbas in 2010-2014","volume":"6","author":"Saadat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Res Med Dental Sci"},{"key":"2025121602512639000_10.2.e034079.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.cmr.20140301.11","article-title":"To study the knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers on neonatal jaundice in Motahari Hospital, Iran","volume":"3","author":"Rabiepoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:51:38Z","timestamp":1765882298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034079","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}