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The primary aim is to detect pathological changes in brain structure and function, and develop, together with the clinical data, biomarkers to stratify, predict and chart progression in early-stage Parkinson\u2019s and at-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants are recruited from the OPDC Discovery Cohort, a prospective, longitudinal study. Baseline MRI data are currently available for 290 participants: 119 patients with early idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s, 15 Parkinson\u2019s patients with pathogenic mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 or glucocerebrosidase (GBA) genes, 68 healthy controls and 87 individuals at risk of Parkinson\u2019s (asymptomatic carriers of GBA mutation and patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder-RBD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in brain structure in early Parkinson\u2019s were found to be subtle, with small changes in the shape of the globus pallidus and evidence of alterations in microstructural integrity in the prefrontal cortex that correlated with performance on executive function tests. Brain function, as assayed with resting fMRI yielded more substantial differences, with basal ganglia connectivity reduced in early Parkinson\u2019sand RBD. Imaging of the substantia nigra with the more recent adoption of sequences sensitive to iron and neuromelanin content shows promising results in identifying early signs of Parkinsonian disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ongoing studies include the integration of multimodal MRI measures to improve discrimination power. Follow-up clinical data are now accumulating and will allow us to correlate baseline imaging measures to clinical disease progression. Follow-up MRI scanning started in 2015 and is currently ongoing, providing the opportunity for future longitudinal imaging analyses with parallel clinical phenotyping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T09:47:55Z","timestamp":1597398475000},"page":"e034110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cohort profile: the Oxford Parkinson\u2019s Disease Centre Discovery Cohort MRI substudy (OPDC-MRI)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0540-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludovica","family":"Griffanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, 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R","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Parkinson\u2019s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel G","family":"Evetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Parkinson\u2019s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, 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