{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:52:14Z","timestamp":1764996734884,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shanwei City","award":["2017C015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017C015"]}]},{"name":"the Science Research Foundation of Aier Eye Hospital Group","award":["AF2018003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AF2018003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the pattern of primary pterygium-induced corneal astigmatism in patients with cataract in a southern Chinese population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinic-based cross-sectional retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A secondary hospital at southern China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A group of 1689 eyes with primary pterygium (PT group) and the other group of 4062 eyes without pterygium (NPT group) were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corneal power was measured by an autokeratorefractometer. Corneal astigmatism was calculated as the difference in corneal power between the steepest and flattest meridians. Distribution of corneal astigmatism was compared between eyes with pterygium and eyes without pterygium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Distribution of corneal astigmatism was different between PT group (skewness=2.548, kurtosis=8.237) and NPT group (skewness=2.778, kurtosis=15.52). Mean corneal astigmatism was significantly higher in the PT group (1.62\u00b11.49D) compared with the NPT group (1.17\u00b10.89D, p&lt;0.0001). The prevalence of corneal astigmatism &gt;1D (PT 52.3%, NPT 40.9%, p&lt;0.0001), &gt;2D (PT 22.4%, NPT 10.6%, p&lt;0.0001) or &gt;3D (PT 10.5%, NPT 3.2%, p&lt;0.0001) was significantly higher in the PT group compared with the NPT group. Eyes in the PT group had significantly higher corneal astigmatism than the NPT group in almost every age group (all p&lt;0.05), with the exception of patients \u226590 years. Moreover, eyes in the PT group had significantly higher with-the-rule (PT 1.72\u00b11.59D, NPT 1.19\u00b10.88D, p&lt;0.0001) and against-the-rule (PT 1.63\u00b11.46D, NPT 1.18\u00b10.88D, p&lt;0.0001) but similar oblique astigmatism (PT 1.11\u00b11.00D, NPT 0.99\u00b10.89D, p=0.065) corneal astigmatism compared with the NPT group. Power vector analysis indicated that the axis of corneal astigmatism was not significantly different between the two groups (J\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PT \u22120.01\u00b10.74D, NPT 0.01\u00b10.52D, p=0.48; J\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PT \u22120.03\u00b10.82D, NPT 0.00\u00b10.52D, p=0.54).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pattern of corneal astigmatism in eyes with cataract and coexisting primary pterygium was different from eyes without pterygium. Pterygium is associated with higher magnitude but not different axis of corneal astigmatism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T05:10:45Z","timestamp":1583903445000},"page":"e034219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pattern of corneal astigmatism induced by primary pterygium in patients with cataract in a secondary hospital in Southern China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Guihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China"},{"name":"Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanwei Eye Hospital, Shanwei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.028"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.025"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.02.016"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.12.004"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000728","article-title":"Quantification of astigmatism induced by pterygium using automated image analysis","volume":"35","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0583-8","article-title":"Detection of increase in corneal irregularity due to pterygium using Fourier series harmonic analyses with multiple diameters","volume":"62","author":"Minami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-312025"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.03.001","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Rezvan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.009"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181656448"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00219-0","article-title":"Effects of pterygium on corneal spherical power and astigmatism","volume":"107","author":"Tomidokoro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.01.039","article-title":"Biometry and corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candidates from southern China","volume":"40","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"2025120520404562000_10.3.e034219.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan X , Song H , Peng G , et al . 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