{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:22:57Z","timestamp":1789827777530,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, acute generalised peritonitis (AGP) is a common medical and surgical emergency which is a major contributor to non-trauma deaths despite improvements in diagnosis and surgical and intensive care management. In order to determine the global burden of AGP, geared at tailoring key interventions to curb its morbidity and mortality, we proposed this first ever systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the contemporary prevalence, and to determine the most frequent AGP and the case fatality rate of AGP, at the global scene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We intend to search\n                      <jats:italic>Africa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>Journal<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>Online<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Americana em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Citation index, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, Literatura Latino Africa Index Medicus, Medline and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases from 1 January 2009 to 31 July 2019 to identify studies that reported the prevalence, types of AGP, and case fatality rate of AGP in the global population without any language restrictions. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be conducted independently at each level by a pair of independent investigators. Random-effects meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogeneous. The presence of heterogeneity will be evaluated using the \u03c7\u00b2 test on Cochrane\u2019s Q statistic and quantified with the I\u00b2 statistics. Publication bias will be evaluated statistically and visually using the Egger\u2019s test and funnel plots, respectively. Findings will be reported and compared by countries, WHO regions and globally.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since this study will be based on published data, it does will not require an ethical approval. The findings will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. They will also be presented at scientific conferences and to relevant public health actors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42019143331.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T04:55:17Z","timestamp":1578545717000},"page":"e034326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Global epidemiology of acute generalised peritonitis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel Noutakdie","family":"Tochie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ndip Valirie","family":"Agbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Ibal Sub-Divsional Hospital, North West Region, Oku, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi Tianyi","family":"Frank Leonel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Mayo Darle Sub-Divisional Hospital, Adamara Region, Banyo, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aime","family":"Mbonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Social Insurance Fond Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond","family":"Aji Abang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health System Solutions (GHSS) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celestin","family":"Danwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaounde, Cameroon"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, UCL Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.t01-1-02608.x","article-title":"Acute generalized peritonitis in African children: assessment of severity of illness using modified APACHE II score","volume":"73","author":"Adesunkanmi","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary Peritonitis: An Index Case of Mycoplasma hominis Infection in a Healthy Female","volume":"2018","author":"Drexel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.3","article-title":"Acute abdomen: peritonitis","volume":"26","author":"Skipworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.4","first-page":"83","article-title":"Epidemiology of secondary peritonitis: analysis of 545 cases","volume":"3","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sci Stud"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1407"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-010-2015-2","article-title":"[Surgical therapy of peritonitis]","volume":"82","author":"Strobel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.7","first-page":"179","article-title":"Primary peritonitis in children","volume":"27","author":"Nohr","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-9-37"},{"key":"2025121401160311000_10.1.e034326.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-016-0070-9","article-title":"Which cause of diffuse peritonitis is the deadliest in the tropics? 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