{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:30:39Z","timestamp":1793021439929,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012363","name":"Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PharmAlliance Project grant to conduct collaborative research between UCL, Monash and UNC","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescribing trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UK from 2001 to 2015.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional drug utilisation study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electronic health records from The Health Improvement Network primary care database in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals with T2DM who received a record of OAC prescription.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prescribing trends of OAC medications in individuals with T2DM were examined from 2001 to 2015, stratified by age, gender and therapeutic classifications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 361\u2009635 individuals with T2DM were identified, of whom 36\u2009570 were prescribed OAC from 2001 to 2015. The prevalence of OAC prescribing increased by 50.0%, from 1781 individuals receiving OAC prescriptions (IROACP) (4.4 (95% CI 4.2 to 4.6) per 100 persons) in 2001, to 17\u2009070 IROACP (6.6 (95% CI 6.5 to 6.7) per 100 persons) in 2015. The prevalence of warfarin prescribing decreased by 14.0%, from 1761 individuals receiving warfarin prescriptions (IRWP) (98.9 (95% CI 98.4 to 99.4) per 100 persons) in 2001, to 14\u2009533 IRWP (85.1 (95% CI 84.6 to 85.7) per 100 persons) in 2015. This corresponded with increased prescribing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), from 18 individuals receiving DOAC prescriptions (IRDOACP) (0.1 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.23) per 100 persons) in 2010, to 3016 IRDOACP (17.6 (95% CI 17.1 to 18.2) per 100 persons) in 2015, during the same period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prescribing of OACs in individuals with T2DM increased from 2001 to 2015. Since the introduction of DOACs, there has been a clear shift in prescribing towards these agents. Future studies are needed to assess the safety of coadministration of OAC medications and antidiabetic therapy with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T08:39:59Z","timestamp":1589531999000},"page":"e034573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Trends in oral anticoagulant prescribing in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5627-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Alwafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah Y","family":"Naser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pajaree","family":"Mongkhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand"},{"name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8645-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth K C","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, London, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Simon","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Ilomaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C K","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, London, UK"},{"name":"Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813241475000_10.5.e034573.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024"},{"key":"2025101813241475000_10.5.e034573.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02755.x"},{"key":"2025101813241475000_10.5.e034573.3","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . 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