{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:35:56Z","timestamp":1770064556286,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["228775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["228775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To predict antibiotic use after initial treatment with ibuprofen using data from a randomised controlled trial comparing ibuprofen to pivmecillinam in the treatment of women with symptoms of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>16 sites in a primary care setting in Norway, Sweden and Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 181 non-pregnant women aged 18\u201360 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI, initially treated with ibuprofen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, we conducted analyses to see if baseline information could help us predict which women could be treated with ibuprofen without risking treatment failure and which women should be recommended antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 143 women included in the final analysis, 77 (53.8%) recovered without antibiotics and 66 (46.2 %) were subsequently prescribed antibiotics. In the unadjusted binary logistic regression, the number of days with symptoms before inclusion (&lt;3 days) and feeling moderately unwell or worse (\u22654 on a scale of 0\u20136) were significant predictors for subsequent antibiotic use. In the adjusted model, no predictors were significantly associated with subsequent antibiotic use. The area under the curve of the final model was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.74).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not find any baseline information that significantly predicted the use of antibiotic treatment. Identifying women who need antibiotic treatment to manage their uncomplicated UTI is still challenging. Larger data sets are needed to develop models that are more accurate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial post-results\" xlink:href=\"NCT01849926\">NCT01849926<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T03:10:43Z","timestamp":1598843443000},"page":"e035074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predicting the use of antibiotics after initial symptomatic treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection: analyses performed after a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01849926","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"postResults"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8947-2914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingvild","family":"Vik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Emergency General Practice, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahimu","family":"Mdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Bollestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Medicine, Helse Stavanger HF, Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2609-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria Cristina","family":"Cordoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Practice and Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bjerrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Practice and Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Neumark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care and Planning Division, Kalmar County Council, Kalmar, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eivind","family":"Damsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Accident and Emergency Department, Bergen Kommune, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"B\u00e6rheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Grude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Antibiotic Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical 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