{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T10:21:18Z","timestamp":1772274078283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004046","name":"Karen Elise Jensens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EU","award":["ICA 4-CT-2002-10053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA 4-CT-2002-10053"]}]},{"name":"Danida Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004954","name":"Augustinus Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the association between neonatal BCG vaccination and mortality between 28 days and 3 years of age among tuberculosis (TB)-exposed and TB-unexposed children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bandim Health Project runs an urban Health and Demographic Surveillance site in Guinea-Bissau with registration of mortality, vaccination status and TB cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children entered the analysis when their vaccination card was inspected after 28 days of age and remained under surveillance to 3 years of age. Children residing in the same house as a TB case were classified as TB-exposed from 3 months prior to case registration to the end of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using Cox-proportional hazards models with age as underlying time scale, we compared mortality of children with and without neonatal BCG between October 2003 and September 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HR for neonatal BCG compared with no neonatal BCG by TB-exposure status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 39\u2009421 children who entered the analyses, 3022 (8%) had observation time as TB-exposed. In total, 84% of children received neonatal BCG. Children with neonatal BCG had lower mortality both in TB-exposed (adjusted HR: 0.57 (0.26 to 1.27)) and in TB-unexposed children (HR: 0.57 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.69)) than children without neonatal BCG. Children exposed to TB had higher mortality than TB-unexposed children if they had not received neonatal BCG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal BCG vaccination was associated with lower mortality among both TB-exposed and TB-unexposed children, consistent with neonatal BCG vaccination having beneficial non-specific effects. Interventions to increase timely BCG vaccination are urgently warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T04:35:18Z","timestamp":1582950918000},"page":"e035595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Neonatal BCG vaccination and child survival in TB-exposed and TB-unexposed children: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne M","family":"Thysen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Stabell","family":"Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark"},{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Francisco","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wejse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Kallestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Aaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ane","family":"Fisker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"},{"name":"Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120600550341000_10.2.e035595.1","first-page":"73","article-title":"BCG vaccines: who position paper \u2013 February 2018","volume":"93","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"2025120600550341000_10.2.e035595.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790"},{"key":"2025120600550341000_10.2.e035595.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6745a2","article-title":"Global Routine Vaccination Coverage - 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