{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:46:49Z","timestamp":1780710409426,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research for Patient Benefit grant (PB-PG-0817-200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research for Patient Benefit grant (PB-PG-0817-200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The validity of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris recording in routinely collected healthcare data in the UK is unknown. We assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) for bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris primary care Read codes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) using linked inpatient data (Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)) as the diagnostic benchmark.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult participants with bullous pemphigoid or pemphigus vulgaris registered with HES-linked general practices in England between January 1998 and December 2017. Code-based algorithms were used to identify patients from the CPRD and extract their benchmark blistering disease diagnosis from HES.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PPVs of Read codes for bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 2468 incident cases of bullous pemphigoid and 431 of pemphigus vulgaris, 797 (32.3%) and 85 (19.7%) patients, respectively, had a hospitalisation record for a blistering disease. The PPV for bullous pemphigoid Read codes was 93.2% (95% CI 91.3% to 94.8%). Of the bullous pemphigoid cases, 3.0% had an HES diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris and 3.8% of another blistering disease. The PPV for pemphigus vulgaris Read codes was 58.5% (95% CI 48.0% to 68.9%). Of the pemphigus vulgaris cases, 24.7% had an HES diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid and 16.5% of another blistering disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CPRD can be used to study bullous pemphigoid, but recording of pemphigus vulgaris needs to improve in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T02:33:04Z","timestamp":1594780384000},"page":"e035934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Validation study of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris recording in routinely collected electronic primary healthcare records in England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8532-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica S M","family":"Persson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Vinogradova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead M","family":"Langan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Hippisley-Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-7465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim S","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14503","article-title":"Mortality in bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis of standardized mortality ratios","volume":"45","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a180"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06662.x"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamadermatol.376","article-title":"The associations between bullous pemphigoid and drug use: a UK case-control study","volume":"149","author":"Lloyd-Lavery","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.322"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12630","article-title":"Prognostic factors in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus","volume":"170","author":"Saha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0409"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4226"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09350.x"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.357","article-title":"The relationship between neurological disease and bullous pemphigoid: a population-based case-control study","volume":"131","author":"Langan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.10.006"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6732.1092"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.15","unstructured":"Datalink CPR . Release notes: CPRD gold, 2019."},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0442-4"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.17","unstructured":"Organization WH . International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: 10th revision (ICD-10), 1992. Available: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/apps\/icd\/icd"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx015"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1115"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2456","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: validation of the National patient register in two counties in Sweden, 2001 to 2012","volume":"97","author":"Gr\u00f6nhagen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14172","article-title":"Validation of database search strategies for the epidemiological study of pemphigus and pemphigoid","volume":"174","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith H , Mohd Mustapa M , Cheung S , et al . National audit on the management of bullous pemphigoid. Clin Exp Dermatol 2019.","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14086"},{"key":"2025101811085270000_10.7.e035934.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.035","article-title":"Nonbullous pemphigoid: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Lamberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:08:59Z","timestamp":1760810939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035934","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}