{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1792589977660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a major cause of concern. The objective of this study is to assess epidemiological characteristics and identify risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pesticide poisoning database of Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Telephone enquiries regarding pesticide poisoning were made by healthcare professionals. Information received by the NPC was entered into a retrievable database of standardised Poison Case Report Form, as adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The outcome of the study is to provide an overview of national epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning. High-risk groups of people and their circumstances were also identified to ensure that appropriate measures are strategised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within the study period, a total of 11\u2009087 pesticide poisoning cases were recorded. Sixty per cent of these cases were intentional in nature and most were found among male individuals (57%) of the Indian race (36.4%) aged between 20 and 29 years (25.5%), which occurred at home (90%) through the route of ingestion (94%). The highest number of poisoning was due to herbicides (44%) followed by agricultural insecticides (34%), rodenticides (9.9%), household insecticides (9.5%) and fungicides (0.5%). In addition, 93.6% of intentional pesticide poisoning cases were caused by suicide attempts. The results of this study show that there was an increasing trend in pesticide poisoning incidents over the 10-year duration. This indicates that pesticide poisoning is a prevalent public health problem in Malaysia, resulting in an average incidence rate of 3.8 per 100\u2009000 population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deliberate pesticide ingestion as a method of suicide has become a disturbing trend among Malaysians. Therefore, regulation of highly hazardous pesticides must be enforced to ensure controlled and limited access to these chemicals by the public.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T06:05:41Z","timestamp":1591077941000},"page":"e036048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Epidemiology and risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis by the National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6846-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Azzalia","family":"Kamaruzaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Hui","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Hafiidz","family":"Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halilol Rahman","family":"Mohamed Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Afiza","family":"Abdul Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Fadhli","family":"Razali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Isa","family":"Abdul Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysia National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605511218000_10.6.e036048.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.030668"},{"key":"2025121605511218000_10.6.e036048.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-357"},{"key":"2025121605511218000_10.6.e036048.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.002"},{"key":"2025121605511218000_10.6.e036048.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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