{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:45:57Z","timestamp":1791272757894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010897","name":"Newton Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P013910\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P013910\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign in terms of improving breast cancer (BC) symptoms awareness and screening uptake.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Before\u2014and after\u2014study with comparator groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Selangor State, Malaysia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n Malaysian women aged\n ><\/jats:underline>\n 40 years (n=676) from randomly selected households.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n A culturally adapted mass media campaign (TV, radio, print media and social media).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n \n The primary endpoint was BC symptoms awareness, which was assessed with the\n Breast Cancer Awareness Measure<\/jats:italic>\n precampaign and postcampaign. Secondary outcomes included campaign reach, self-efficacy to notice BC symptoms and clinical outcomes. Clinical breast examination and mammogram screening data were collected from hospitals and clinics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Most participants recognised at least one of the campaign materials (65.2%). The odds of seeing the campaign were lowest for Chinese women (adjusted OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.40) compared with Malays and for women aged\n ><\/jats:underline>\n 70 years (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.94) compared with younger women. Participants who recognised the campaign were significantly more likely to have improved awareness postcampaign compared with non-recognisers particularly for key symptoms such as \u2018a lump or thickening in your breast\u2019 (88.9% vs 62.1%) and \u2018discharge or bleeding from nipple\u2019 (79.7% vs 55.3%). Improvement in symptoms awareness scores was not associated with sociodemographic variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Implementation in Malaysia of an evidence-based mass media campaign from the UK that was culturally adapted appeared to lead to improved awareness about some BC symptoms, though various modes of media communication and perhaps other health education approaches may be required to extend the reach to diverse, multiethnic populations and all age groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T06:44:05Z","timestamp":1597992245000},"page":"e036503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Impact of a mass media campaign on breast cancer symptoms awareness and screening uptake in Malaysia: findings from a quasi-experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8746-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","family":"Schliemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mila Nu Nu","family":"Htay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Melaka, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maznah","family":"Dahlui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Facultas Public Health, University Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darishiani","family":"Paramasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Cardwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Saleha Binti","family":"Ibrahim Tamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saunthari","family":"Somasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Society Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conan","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin Tin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221293253000_10.8.e036503.1","unstructured":"Azizah AM , Saleha N , Noor Hashimah A . 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