{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:42:00Z","timestamp":1793119320889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) requires long-term management and can be a financial burden for patients. Here, we investigated the treatment received by people diagnosed with TMD and its relevant costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed secondary data analysis of health insurance claims data provided by the Health Insurance Assessment and Review (HIRA) of the Republic of Korea. We reviewed the records of 10 041 patients who were diagnosed with TMD and who utilised outpatient healthcare service at least once between January and December 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on use of medical services, hospitalisations, sociodemographic factors, treatment and medication were retrieved and analysed. Cost was defined as the cost of care incurred by a health insurance beneficiary at a care facility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reported the characteristics as medians, frequencies and percentages and found that most TMD patients were outpatients, women (58.9%) and in their 20s (46.4%). For visit type, 85.9% of all patients had an outpatient dental medical visit, with most visiting dental clinics and dental hospitals. Western medicine (WM; 9.8%) was prescribed more often, followed by Korean medicine (KM; 8.2%). The median expense per patient was highest among those in their 20s (58.00, 23.90, 53.40, 65.90 US$ for overall, WM, dental medicine (DM) and KM, respectively). Consultation fees accounted for the greatest percentage (42.8%) of DM and WM care expenses, while injection\/non-surgical intervention fees accounted for the greatest percentage of KM care expenses. The most commonly used treatments for TMD were temporomandibular joint stimulation therapy (51.1%) and acupuncture (19.9%), considered as the most basic care for TMD. Psychosomatic agents (86.4%) were the most commonly used medications in outpatients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While people with TMD most commonly received temporomandibular stimulation therapy, the costs and duration of treatment varied significantly for these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-036768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T18:16:09Z","timestamp":1603908969000},"page":"e036768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Healthcare utilisation and costs for temporomandibular disorders: a descriptive, cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hyejin","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean rehabilitation medicine, Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyoung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Administration, Hanyang Women\u2019s University, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoon","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koh-Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Heung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Hyuk","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520113162000_10.10.e036768.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder and meridian","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oriental Rehab Med"},{"key":"2025120520113162000_10.10.e036768.2","unstructured":"Korean Society of Chuna manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves . 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