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Childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse (women only) were defined as the presence of a recorded Read code.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence rate (IR) and prevalence of childhood maltreatment (in children aged 0\u201318 years) and domestic abuse (in women aged over 18) between 1996 and 2017. An adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) is given to examine the differences in IRs based on sex, ethnicity and deprivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age and gender breakdown of THIN has been previously reported to be representative of the UK population, however, there is substantial missing information on deprivation quintiles (&lt;20%) and ethnicity (approximately 50%). The IR (IR 60.1; 95%\u2009CI 54.3 to 66.0 per 100\u2009000 child years) and prevalence (416.1; 95%\u2009CI 401.3 to 430.9 per 100\u2009000 child population) of childhood maltreatment rose until 2017. The aIRR was greater in patients from the most deprived backgrounds (aIRR 5.14; 95%\u2009CI 4.57 to 5.77 compared with least deprived) and from an ethnic minority community (eg, black aIRR 1.25; 1.04 to 1.49 compared with white). When examining domestic abuse in women, in 2017, the IR was 34.5 (31.4 to 37.7) per 100\u2009000 adult years and prevalence 368.7 (358.7 to 378.7) per 100\u2009000 adult population. Similarly, the IR was highest in the lowest socioeconomic class (aIRR 2.30; 2.71 to 3.30) and in ethnic minorities (South Asian aIRR 2.14; 1.92 to 2.39 and black aIRR 1.64; 1.42 to 1.89).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite recent improvements in recording, there is still a substantial under-recording of maltreatment and abuse within UK primary care records, compared with currently existing sources of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse data. Approaches must be implemented to improve recording and detection of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse within medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-036949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:26:56Z","timestamp":1591316816000},"page":"e036949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using \u2018the health improvement network\u2019 database"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joht Singh","family":"Chandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna Margadhamane","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bradbury-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnarajah","family":"Nirantharakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhartha","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120520350916000_10.6.e036949.1","unstructured":"HM Government . 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