{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:22:26Z","timestamp":1781169746144,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"George Davies Charitable Trust","award":["Registered Charity Number: 1024818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Registered Charity Number: 1024818"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is estimated that peripheral arterial disease occurs in one in five people aged over 60 years in the UK. Major lower limb amputation is a debilitating and life-changing potential outcome of peripheral arterial disease. A number of risk factors are involved in the development of the disease including smoking and diabetes. There is debate over the prevalence of major lower limb amputation in the UK with regional variations unexplained. The choice of data source can affect the epidemiological calculations and sources can also differ in the ability to explain variation. This study will aim to estimate the prevalence\/incidence\/number of major lower limb amputation in the UK. It will also identify sources of routinely collected electronic health data which report the epidemiology of major lower limb amputation in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search of peer-reviewed journals will be conducted in Medline, Excerpta Medica database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, The Cochrane Library and Scopus. A grey literature search for government and parliament publications, conference abstracts, theses and unpublished articles will be performed. Articles will be screened against the inclusion\/exclusion criteria and data extracted using a pretested extraction form by two independent reviewers. Prevalence, incidence or number of cases (depending on data reported) will be extracted. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion. Data synthesis will be performed either as a narrative summary or by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic. If heterogeneity is low-moderate, pooled estimates will be calculated using random-effects models. If possible, meta-regression for time trends in the incidence of major lower limb amputation will be performed along with subgroup analysis, primarily in regional variation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethics approval is not required for this study as study data are anonymised and available in the public domain. Dissemination will be by publication in a peer reviewed journal and by appropriate conference presentation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>CRD42020165592<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1591956351000},"page":"e037053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epidemiology of major lower limb amputation using routinely collected electronic health data in the UK: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Meffen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1149-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coral J","family":"Pepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Sayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura J","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061203051747000_10.6.e037053.1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Limb amputation and limb deficiency: epidemiology and recent trends in the United States","volume":"95","author":"Dillingham","year":"2002","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2020061203051747000_10.6.e037053.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.13.1599"},{"key":"2020061203051747000_10.6.e037053.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.033"},{"key":"2020061203051747000_10.6.e037053.4","unstructured":"NICE . 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