{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:39:47Z","timestamp":1791218387788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT1172873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1172873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT1172900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1172900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the 2010s, there has been an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia, and since 2015 also in urban heterosexuals. Men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) have characteristics that may differ from both men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and heterosexual men. We aimed to compare the sexual practices and the trends in HIV\/STI positivity between MSMO and MSMW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sexual health centre in Melbourne, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSM aged 18 years and above who attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre for the first time between 2011 and 2018. This includes 12\u2009795 MSMO and 1979 MSMW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic characterics, sexual practices and HIV\/STI positivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with MSMW, MSMO were more likely to practice anal sex and to have condomless receptive anal sex with casual male partners, and less likely to have a current regular relationship. Over the 8-year period, there was an increase in condomless receptive anal sex with casual male partners for both groups (MSMO: from 46.2% to 63.3%, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001; MSMW: from 41.3% to 57.9%, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.011). Syphilis positivity increased in MSMO (from 5.5% to 7.9%, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.012) and MSMW (from 0.9% to 6.4%, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.004) and HIV remained stable. Gonorrhoea increased among MSMO from 2011 to 2014 (from 6.7% to 9.6%, p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.002), and remained stable from 2015 to 2018. MSMO had higher odds of testing positive for gonorrhoea (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.36, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.64), chlamydia (aOR 1.39, 95%\u2009CI 1.16 to 1.67), syphilis (aOR 1.74, 95%\u2009CI 1.37 to 2.22) and HIV (aOR 4.60, 95%\u2009CI 2.43 to 8.70) than MSMW.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSMW have overall lower condomless sex and lower HIV\/STI positivity. In the last years, changes in sexual practices in MSM have affected both MSMW and MSMO leading to an increased STI risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T17:25:01Z","timestamp":1606238701000},"page":"e037608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Trends and differences in sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men only (MSMO) and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW): a repeated cross-sectional study in Melbourne, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit, Parc de Salut Mar - Pompeu Fabra University - Ag\u00e8ncia de Salut P\u00fablica de Barcelona (PSMar-UPF-ASPB), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane S","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Y","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P F","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514290922000_10.11.e037608.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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