{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:12:35Z","timestamp":1790190755853,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Philip Swift"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003157","name":"Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01-AG000949-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01-AG000949-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Don Brandon"},{"name":"Geraldine Weinrib"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To approximate the rate of familial myasthenia gravis and the coexistence of other autoimmune disorders in the patients and their families.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinics across North America.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 1032 patients diagnosed with acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR)-positive myasthenia gravis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phenotype information of 1032 patients diagnosed with AChR-positive myasthenia gravis was obtained from clinics at 14 centres across North America between January 2010 and January 2011. A critical review of the epidemiological literature on the familial rate of myasthenia gravis was also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1032 patients, 58 (5.6%) reported a family history of myasthenia gravis. A history of autoimmune diseases was present in 26.6% of patients and in 28.4% of their family members.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The familial rate of myasthenia gravis was higher than would be expected for a sporadic disease. Furthermore, a high proportion of patients had a personal or family history of autoimmune disease. Taken together, these findings suggest a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1600453839000},"page":"e037909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epidemiological evidence for a hereditary contribution to myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort study of patients from North America"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Barohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Bartoccion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. 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