{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:17:19Z","timestamp":1768011439722,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024075","name":"Region of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17\/33620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/33620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Danish Chiropractic Research Foundation","award":["16\/3065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/3065"]}]},{"name":"IMK-public fund","award":["30206-353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30206-353"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to asses (1) inter-rater and intrarater reliability of ultrasound imaging in patients with hip osteoarthritis, and (2) agreement between ultrasound and X-ray findings of hip osteoarthritis using validated Outcome Measures in Rheumatology ultrasound definitions for pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An inter-rater and intrarater reliability study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-centre study conducted at a regional hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>50 patients &gt;39 years of age referred for radiography due to hip pain and suspected hip osteoarthritis were included. Exclusion criteria were previous hip surgery in the painful hip, suspected fracture or malignant changes in the hip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral ultrasound examinations (n=92) were performed continuously by two experienced operators blinded to clinical information and other imaging findings. After 4\u20136 weeks, one operator reassessed the images. X-rays were assessed by a third imaging specialist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inter-rater and intrarater reliability and agreement between ultrasound imaging and X-ray were assessed using Cohen\u2019s ordinal kappa statistics for binary categorical variables and weighted kappa for ordered categorical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kappa values (\u03ba) for inter-rater reliability were 0.9 and 0.8 for hip effusion\/synovitis and osteoarthritis grading, respectively. For acetabular and femoral osteophytes, femoral cartilage changes and labrum changes \u03ba ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. Intrarater reliability had \u03ba equal or higher compared with inter-rater reliability. Agreement between ultrasound and X-ray findings ranged from \u03ba=0.2 to \u03ba=0.5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated substantial to almost perfect reliability on the most common ultrasound findings related to hip osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis grading. Agreement on the grade of osteoarthritis between ultrasound and X-ray was moderate. Overall, these results support ultrasound imaging as a reliable tool in the assessment of hip osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T16:07:41Z","timestamp":1604592461000},"page":"e038643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ultrasound imaging in patients with hip pain and suspected hip osteoarthritis: an inter-rater and intra-rater reliability study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine","family":"Clausen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Fredberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark"},{"name":"The Rheumatology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Terslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research and Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hartvigsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bodil","family":"Arnbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60802-3","article-title":"Osteoarthritis","volume":"386","author":"Glyn-Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1681050","article-title":"Standard and advanced imaging of hip osteoarthritis. what the radiologist should know","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.04.017"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.4","first-page":"527","article-title":"Ultrasound of the osteoarthritic joint","volume":"35","author":"Iagnocco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X16643118"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.01.021","article-title":"Clinimetrics of ultrasound pathologies in osteoarthritis: systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Oo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.006"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmw071"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.002"},{"key":"2025121422391732000_10.11.e038643.10","unstructured":"Henrica CW , de Vet CBT , Mokkink LB , et al . 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