{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:26:15Z","timestamp":1790141175145,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["820820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advances in wearable sensor technology now enable frequent, objective monitoring of real-world walking. Walking-related digital mobility outcomes (DMOs), such as real-world walking speed, have the potential to be more sensitive to mobility changes than traditional clinical assessments. However, it is not yet clear which DMOs are most suitable for formal validation. In this review, we will explore the evidence on discriminant ability, construct validity, prognostic value and responsiveness of walking-related DMOs in four disease areas: Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and proximal femoral fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s methodological framework for scoping reviews will guide study conduct. We will search seven databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, IEEE Digital Library and Cochrane Library) and grey literature for studies which (1) measure differences in DMOs between healthy and pathological walking, (2) assess relationships between DMOs and traditional clinical measures, (3) assess the prognostic value of DMOs and (4) use DMOs as endpoints in interventional clinical trials. Two reviewers will screen each abstract and full-text manuscript according to predefined eligibility criteria. We will then chart extracted data, map the literature, perform a narrative synthesis and identify gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As this review is limited to publicly available materials, it does not require ethical approval. This work is part of Mobilise-D, an Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking which aims to deliver, validate and obtain regulatory approval for DMOs. Results will be shared with the scientific community and general public in cooperation with the Mobilise-D communication team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Study materials and updates will be made available through the Center for Open Science\u2019s OSFRegistry (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/k7395\">https:\/\/osf.io\/k7395<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T06:32:31Z","timestamp":1595226751000},"page":"e038704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Walking-related digital mobility outcomes as clinical trial endpoint measures: protocol for a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley Marie","family":"Polhemus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Bergquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Bosch de Basea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Brittain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Sheffield NIHR Translational Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield, UK"},{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Catherine","family":"Buttery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Chynkiamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"dalla Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Delgado Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heleen","family":"Demeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Leocani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Maetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Encarna","family":"Mic\u00f3-Amigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, 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