{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:32:53Z","timestamp":1792521173006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/K000357\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/K000357\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12019\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12019\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12019\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12019\/4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with back pain change with age and extend into later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>British birth cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>England, Scotland and Wales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Up to 3426 men and women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Back pain (sciatica, lumbago or recurring\/severe backache all or most of the time) was self-reported during nurse interviews at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60\u201364 years and in a postal questionnaire using a body manikin at age 68.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from mixed-effects logistic regression models indicated that higher BMI was consistently associated with increased odds of back pain across adulthood. Sex-adjusted ORs of back pain per 1 SD increase in BMI were: 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.26), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.23), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.30), 1.31 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.48) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.24) at ages 36, 43, 53, 60\u201364 and 68\u201369, respectively. Similar patterns of associations were observed for WC. These associations were maintained when potential confounders, including education, occupational class, height, cigarette smoking status, physical activity and symptoms of anxiety and depression were accounted for. BMI showed stronger associations than WC in models including both measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that higher BMI is a persistent risk factor for back pain across adulthood. This highlights the potential lifelong consequences on back pain of the rising prevalence of obesity within the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T02:45:56Z","timestamp":1607827556000},"page":"e039197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Do the associations of body mass index and waist circumference with back pain change as people age? 32 years of follow-up in a British birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stella","family":"Muthuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7386-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Kuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CLOSER, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj055"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker175"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.08.031"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.029"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv225"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.7","first-page":"46","article-title":"Understanding pain among older persons: part 1-the development of novel pain profiles and their association with disability and quality of life","volume":"46","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.8","first-page":"51","article-title":"Understanding pain among older persons: part 2-the association between pain profiles and healthcare utilisation","volume":"46","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp356"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f9fb66","article-title":"2011 young investigator Award winner: increased fat mass is associated with high levels of low back pain intensity and disability","volume":"36","author":"Urquhart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1242-z"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ba1531","article-title":"The impact of body mass index on the prevalence of low back pain: the HUNT study","volume":"35","author":"Heuch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182647af2"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn007"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800448"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.21.3265"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10004-6"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007805"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.10.013"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1362-9","article-title":"The association between obesity and back pain in nine countries: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Koyanagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141268","article-title":"A comparison of anthropometric measures for assessing the association between body size and risk of chronic low back pain: the HUNT study","volume":"10","author":"Heuch","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq231"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0217-8"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi201"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu033"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006983"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.30","first-page":"64","article-title":"Risk factors for low back pain and sciatica in elderly men-the MROS Sweden study","volume":"46","author":"Kherad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001077","article-title":"Birth weight, school sports ability, and adulthood leisure-time physical activity","volume":"49","author":"Elhakeem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.32","unstructured":"Wing J , Cooper J , Sartorius N . The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974."},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.51.5.549"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2137-0","article-title":"The association between body fat and musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Walsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.02.006"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20082030","article-title":"Molecular relationships among obesity, inflammation and intervertebral disc degeneration: are adipokines the common link?","volume":"20","author":"Ruiz-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121509060914000_10.12.e039197.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001828"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1765818381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}}}