{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:03:58Z","timestamp":1785492238541,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female sex workers (FSWs) are a known high-risk group that are at increased risk of HIV transmission due to exposure to multiple sexual partners and inability to negotiate safe sex attributed to challenging economic circumstances. Previous systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of HIV interventions prioritising FSWs and have shown that targeted interventions improve access to HIV prevention and treatment services. Interventions that increase FSWs\u2019 uptake of services are well documented; however, evidence on specific interventions aimed at improving FSWs\u2019 continuity in HIV care along the treatment cascade is lacking. This systematic review aims to document the performance of community-based interventions along the HIV treatment cascade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will use a sensitive search strategy for electronic bibliographic databases, bibliographies of included articles and grey literature sources. In addition, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS and the WHO websites, peer-reviewed conference papers and grey literature sources will be searched for additional reports of sex work programmes. We will include randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional surveys and cohort interventions where community-based HIV services were provided to FSWs and measure the performance of the HIV intervention on one or more cascade stages. We will conduct a systematic review of studies published from 2004 to present within the sub-Saharan Africa region. We will report quantitative study outcomes of HIV testing and diagnosis, linkage to care, initiation on antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression. We will analyse the data using the random-effects meta-analysis method, and funnel plots will be used to assess the publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review will not require ethical approval; we will publish data from manuscripts. The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020157623.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T17:17:12Z","timestamp":1603819032000},"page":"e039495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of female sex work-targeted community-based interventions along the HIV treatment cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Atuhaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olatunji","family":"Adetokunboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Cape town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Shumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S","family":"Nyasulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. . UNAIDS data. In: Joint United nations programme on HIV\/AIDS. Geneva, Switzerland, 2019."},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.2","unstructured":"WHO . Differentiated service delivery for HIV: a decision framework for differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery for key populations. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018."},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.3","unstructured":"Ritchie H . Causes of death. Our World In Data org, 2018."},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063476"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.5.21658","article-title":"A call for differentiated approaches to delivering HIV services to key populations","volume":"20","author":"Macdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v13i4.24","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes & barriers to condom use among female sex workers and truck drivers in Uganda: a mixed-methods study","volume":"13","author":"Matovu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0577-y"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.1.e1"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.5.21658","article-title":"A call for differentiated approaches to delivering HIV services to key populations","volume":"20","author":"Macdonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-017-0124-y","article-title":"A comprehensive review of HIV\/STI prevention and sexual and reproductive health services among sex workers in Conflict-Affected settings: call for an evidence- and rights-based approach in the humanitarian response","volume":"11","author":"Ferguson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-10-46"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2015.0043","article-title":"Behavioral interventions improve condom use and HIV testing uptake among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Chow","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.17980","article-title":"Priority interventions to reduce HIV transmission in sex work settings in sub-Saharan Africa and delivery of these services","volume":"16","author":"Chersich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002836"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70066-X"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105645","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy uptake, attrition, adherence and outcomes among HIV-infected female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Mountain","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2016.1255652","article-title":"HIV care and treatment experiences among female sex workers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Lancaster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr J AIDS Res"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6362-0","article-title":"Determinants of access to HIV testing and counselling services among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Nnko","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2043-3","article-title":"HIV testing and counseling among female sex workers: a systematic literature review","volume":"22","author":"Tokar","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60973-9"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0458-4"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi110"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.23","unstructured":"Higgins J . Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1. 0. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011."},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.26","unstructured":"Wells GA , Shea B , O'Connell D , et al . The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non randomized studies in meta-analyses, 2011."},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39500.677199.AE"},{"key":"2025121411080684000_10.10.e039495.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e406","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30136-X","article-title":"Tailoring combination HIV prevention for female sex workers","volume":"5","author":"Ortblad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T19:08:13Z","timestamp":1765739293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039495","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}