{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:09:37Z","timestamp":1793167777869,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Vanier CGS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Vanier CGS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess trends in sexual health outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM) disaggregated by ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioural surveillance data from 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2014 were collected in-person and online across Aotearoa New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible participants were self-identified men aged 16 years or older who reported sex with another man in the past 5 years. We classified 10 525 participants\u2019 ethnicities: Asian (n=1003, 9.8%), M\u0101ori (Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand, n=1058, 10.3%), Pacific (n=424, 4.1%) and European (n=7867, 76.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sexual health outcomes examined were &gt;20 recent (past 6 months) male sexual partners, past-year sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, past-year STI diagnosis, lifetime and past-year HIV testing, lifetime HIV-positive diagnosis and any recent (past 6 months) condomless anal intercourse with casual or regular partners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When disaggregated, Indigenous and ethnic minority groups reported sexual health trends that diverged from the European MSM and each other. For example, Asian MSM increased lifetime HIV testing (adjusted OR, AOR=1.31 per survey cycle, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.47) and recent HIV testing (AOR=1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.28) with no changes among M\u0101ori MSM or Pacific MSM. Condomless anal intercourse with casual partners increased among M\u0101ori MSM (AOR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.28) with no changes for Asian or Pacific MSM. Condomless anal intercourse with regular partners decreased among Pacific MSM (AOR=0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.99) with no changes for Asian or M\u0101ori MSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-level trends were driven by European MSM, masking important differences for Indigenous and ethnic minority sub-groups. Surveillance data disaggregated by ethnicity highlight inequities in sexual health service access and prevention uptake. Future research should collect, analyse and report disaggregated data by ethnicity to advance health equity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T16:47:06Z","timestamp":1605631626000},"page":"e039896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["National trends in sexual health indicators among gay and bisexual men disaggregated by ethnicity: repeated cross-sectional behavioural surveillance in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6336-8780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J","family":"Lachowsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J W","family":"Saxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Community Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel Patrick","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Zealand AIDS Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair J S","family":"Summerlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cate E","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60821-6"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60899-X"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.046409"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31825c8018","article-title":"HIV infection among ethnic minority and migrant men who have sex with men in Britain","volume":"39","author":"Elford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0265-3"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9574-6"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0476-2"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.8","article-title":"The first 30 years of HIV in New Zealand: review of the epidemiology","volume":"128","author":"Dickson","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2011.03.010"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10087"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-92"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n\/a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00959.x","article-title":"Late presentation of HIV infection among adults in New Zealand: 2005-2010","volume":"13","author":"Dickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2025101810335442000_10.11.e039896.13","unstructured":"Statistics New Zealand . 2013 QuickStats about culture and identity. 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