{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:22:37Z","timestamp":1791901357687,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["863 Program, 2011AA020107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["863 Program, 2011AA020107"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Major Project 288","award":["2011ZX09307-001-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011ZX09307-001-08"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Society of Endocrinology, the Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health","award":["1994DP131044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1994DP131044"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013279","name":"the National Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program of Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2012ZX09303006-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012ZX09303006-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between obesity and albuminuria has not been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between obesity and the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) in Southern and Northern China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive, cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight regional centres in REACTION (China\u2019s Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals, a lONgitudinal study), including Dalian, Lanzhou, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, Guangxi, Luzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 41\u2009085 patients who were not diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and had good compliance were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Patients who were diagnosed with CKD, who had other kidney diseases that could lead to increased urinary protein excretion, who were using angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and whose important data were missing were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with both, central and peripheral obesity, had a higher risk of elevated UACR, even after adjusting for multiple factors (OR: 1.14, 95%\u2009CI: 1.07 to 1.12, p&lt;0.001), and the risk of high UACR in the South was more prominent than that in the North (OR\n                      <jats:sub>South<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 1.22, 95%\u2009CI: 1.11 to 1.34; OR\n                      <jats:sub>North<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 1.13, 95%\u2009CI: 1.04 to 1.22, p&lt;0.001). The risk was also elevated in the male population, hypertensive individuals, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)\u22656.5% and age \u226560 years in the South. Besides the above groups, diabetes was also a risk factor for the Northern population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In China, people with both central and peripheral obesity are prone to a high UACR, and the southern population has a higher risk than northern population. Factors such as male sex, hypertension, HbA1c\u22656.5% and an age \u226560 years are also risk factors for CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T12:13:39Z","timestamp":1609848819000},"page":"e040214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association between obesity and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the middle-aged and elderly population of Southern and Northern China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0517-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 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