{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1780542600528,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrospectively assess a cohort of mothers for characteristics of injuries that they have suffered as a result of family and domestic violence (FDV) and which have required admission to a hospital during both the intrapartum and postpartum periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, whole-population linked data study of FDV in Western Australia using the Western Australia birth registry from 1990 to 2009 and Hospital Morbidity Data System records from 1970 to 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Number of hospitalisations, and mode, location and type of injuries recorded, with particular focus on the head and neck area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 11\u2009546 hospitalisations for mothers due to FDV. 8193 hospitalisations recorded an injury code to the head and\/or neck region. The upper and middle thirds of the face and scalp were areas most likely to receive superficial injuries (58.7% or 4158 admissions), followed by the mouth and oral cavity (9.7% or 687 admissions). Fracture to the mandible accounted for 479 (4.2%) admissions and was almost equal to the sum of the next three most common facial fractures (nasal, maxillary and orbital floor). Mothers more likely to be hospitalised due to a head injury from FDV included those with more than one child (OR=1.17, 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.30) and those with infants (&lt;1\u2009year old) (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.90) and young children (&lt;7 years old) (OR=1.15, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.30).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FDV is a serious and ongoing problem and front-line clinicians are in need of evidence-based guidelines to recognise and assist victims of FDV. Mothers with children in their care are a particularly vulnerable group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1620734287000},"page":"e040600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Injuries in mothers hospitalised for domestic violence-related assault: a whole-population linked data study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1045-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal Mahesh","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max K","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Codde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Preen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5859-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Slack-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512145139000_11.5.e040600.1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . 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What age can I consent to my own medical treatment? Perth, Western Australia, 2019. http:\/\/youthlegalserviceinc.com.au\/fact-sheets\/what-age-can-i-consent-to-my-own-medical-treatment\/"},{"key":"2025121512145139000_11.5.e040600.14","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics . What is SEIFA? - frequently asked questions (Chapter 2). Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006. https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/2039.0Main%20Features42006?opendocument#:~:targetText=Index%20of%20Relative%20Socio%2Deconomic%20Disadvantage%20(IRSD)&targetText=This%20means%20that%2C%20unlike%20the,as%20shown%20in%20figure%202.1"},{"key":"2025121512145139000_11.5.e040600.15","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision (ICD-10), 2016. Available: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2016\/en"},{"key":"2025121512145139000_11.5.e040600.16","unstructured":"Bulsara VM . 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