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Detailed information of mortality was confirmed using the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Presenting visual impairment (PVI) was defined as a presenting visual acuity of less than 20\/40 in the better-seeing eye. The 10-year mortality rates were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between glaucoma and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1372 (97.7%) participants with available gonioscopic data were included in the analysis. Of these, 136 (9.9%), 33 (2.4%) and 21 (1.5%) participants had primary angle closure (PAC) suspect (PACS), PAC and PAC glaucoma (PACG), and 29 (2.1%) had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). After 10 years, 306 (22.3%) participants were deceased. The 10-year mortality was significantly associated with PACG (HR, 2.15, 95%\u2009CI 1.14 to 4.04, p=0.018) but not associated with PAC (HR, 1.27, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.39, p=0.463), PACS (HR, 1.32, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.83, p=0.099) and POAG (HR, 0.74, 95%\u2009CI 0.36 to 1.49, p=0.395) when age and gender were adjusted for. This association was no longer statistically significant (HR, 1.60, 95%\u2009CI 0.70 to 3.61, p=0.263) when covariables, such as income, education, body mass index, PVI, history of diabetes and hypertension, were adjusted for. Larger vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR &gt;0.30) was only a significant risk factor in multivariable analysis (HR, 1.60, 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 2.33, p=0.011).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PACG was significantly associated with higher long-term mortality, but this association was likely to be confounded by other systemic risk factors. VCDR &gt;0.3 was the only independent predictor, implying that it may be a marker of ageing and frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T23:31:12Z","timestamp":1633822272000},"page":"e040795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of glaucoma with 10-year mortality in a population-based longitudinal study in urban Southern China: the Liwan Eye Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lanhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoting","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 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