{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:53:39Z","timestamp":1765734819891,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The worldwide prevalence of obesity and overweight has doubled since 1980, such that approximately a third of the world\u2019s population is reported as obese or overweight. Obesity rates have increased in all ages and both sexes irrespective of geographical area, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Due to the high prevalence, related health consequences and costs of childhood and adult obesity, there is a need to comprehensively identify and assess the major underlying drivers of obesity and overweight in the African context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review will be carried out as per the methodological outline by Arksey and O\u2019Malley. The search strategy will be developed and search performed in the Scopus and PubMed electronic databases. In the first search, we will identify concepts that are used as an equivalent to obesity and overweight. Subsequently, we will search for studies comprising of search terms on the underlying factors that drive the development of obesity and overweight. Lastly, we will check reference lists for additional publications. Abstracts and full-text studies will independently be screened by two authors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed study will generate evidence from published data and hence does not require ethics approval. Evidence generated from this review will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1605112434000},"page":"e040940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Understanding the underlying drivers of obesity in Africa: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anelisa","family":"Jaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinwe","family":"Iwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange","family":"Dur\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelheid W","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Shey","family":"Wiysonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0230-y","article-title":"Interventions for treating children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: an overview of Cochrane reviews","volume":"42","author":"Ells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review Interventions to prevent global childhood overweight and obesity : a systematic review","volume":"8587","author":"Bleich","year":"2017","journal-title":"LANCET Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-779","article-title":"The impact of interventions to prevent obesity or improve obesity related behaviours in children (0-5 years) from socioeconomically disadvantaged and\/or Indigenous families: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Laws","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-0882-3","article-title":"De Jonge Mulock Houwer M, brown HM, LIM S, Moran LJ, Vincze L, et al. supporting women of childbearing age in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity: a scoping review of randomized control trials of behavioral interventions","volume":"20","author":"Hutchesson","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.6","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Obesity and overweight [Internet], 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight [Accessed 2020 Apr 3]."},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.7","unstructured":"Wordld Health Organization . Obesity [Internet], 2014. 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R ESEARCH and R EPORTING M ETHODS PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation, 2018.","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025121409523139000_10.11.e040940.29","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Growth reference 5-19 years. 19, 2020."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:52:41Z","timestamp":1765734761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040940","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}