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Readmission risk was evaluated for early (1\u20137 days postdischarge) and late (8\u201330 days postdischarge) readmission time periods. Relative risk is expressed per 10 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      of PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Same-day ambient PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with increased hospital admission risk for cardiovascular causes (0.9%, 95%\u2009CI 0.2 to 1.7). Greater PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -related associations were observed with 30-day readmission risk. Early-readmission risk was increased by 1.6%\u20131.8% following all-cause (1.6%, 95% CI 0.6% to 2.6%), cardiovascular (1.8%, 95% CI 0.4% to 3.2%) and respiratory (1.8%, 95% CI 0.4% to 3.2%) discharges; while late-readmission risk increased by 1.2%\u20131.3% following all-cause and cardiovascular discharges. PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -related associations with readmission risk were greatest for certain cause-specific readmissions ranging 4.0%\u20136.5% for dysrhythmia and conduction disorder, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, other non-cardiac chest pain or respiratory syndrome and pneumonia. Following all-cause discharges, the cause-specific early-readmission risk was increased by 6.5% (95% CI 3.5% to 9.6%) for pneumonia, 4.8% (95% CI 2.3% to 7.4%) for dysrhythmia and conduction disorder, 3.7% (95% CI 1.4% to 6.0%) for heart failure and 2.7% (95% CI 1.2% to 4.2%) for other non-cardiac chest pain or respiratory syndrome-related causes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Daily ambient PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular admissions and 30-day readmissions following cardiopulmonary-related discharges in a vulnerable end-stage renal disease population. In the first week following discharge, greater PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -related risk of rehospitalisation was identified for some diagnoses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T18:32:03Z","timestamp":1608143523000},"page":"e041177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association of short-term exposure to ambient PM\n                    <sub>2.5<\/sub>\n                    with hospital admissions and 30-day readmissions in end-stage renal disease patients: population-based retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren H","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhi","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Environmental Protection Agency (ORISE), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Kshirsagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina Kidney Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cavin","family":"Ward-Caviness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne E","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana G","family":"Rappold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park Campus, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403321964000_10.12.e041177.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6"},{"key":"2025121403321964000_10.12.e041177.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1"},{"key":"2025121403321964000_10.12.e041177.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409111"},{"key":"2025121403321964000_10.12.e041177.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318294beaa"},{"key":"2025121403321964000_10.12.e041177.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO . 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