{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:44:56Z","timestamp":1790952296690,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Frontier Application Basic Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2020020601012235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020020601012235"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. 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The data were collected until 27 February 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records using data collection forms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of patients with elevated interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) increased with severity of disease (p&lt;0.0001 for all). IL-2R (p&lt;0.0001), IL-6 (p&lt;0.0001), IL-8 (p=0.0001), IL-10 (p&lt;0.0001) and TNF (p&lt;0.0001) were also twofold to 20-fold higher in patients who died compared with those who recovered. Also, IL-6 and IL-10 increased in both the progressive patient groups: moderate (p=0.0026) and severe (p&lt;0.0001). In multivariate analysis, higher levels of IL-2R (OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000 to 1.002, p=0.031) and IL-6 (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.024, p=0.015) on admission were associated with increasing odds of in-hospital death, independent of other covariates, including severity of disease and lymphocyte count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF and IL-10, showed an obvious association with both COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. Thus, our study indicates that cytokines are valuable in predicting the severity of COVID-19 and helps in distinguishing critically ill patients from the less affected ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T16:11:58Z","timestamp":1606752718000},"page":"e041471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Cytokines and their relationship with the severity and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2487-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020113013102608000_10.11.e041471.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948","article-title":"Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2020113013102608000_10.11.e041471.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.02.034"},{"key":"2020113013102608000_10.11.e041471.3","unstructured":"WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. 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