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Infants born &lt;29 weeks\u2019 gestation are deprived the normal in utero supply of DHA during this period of rapid brain development. Insufficient dietary DHA postnatally may contribute to the cognitive impairments common among this population. This follow-up of the N-3 fatty acids for improvement in respiratory outcomes (N3RO) randomised controlled trial aims to determine if enteral DHA supplementation in infants born &lt;29 weeks\u2019 gestation during the first months of life improves cognitive development at 5\u2009years of age corrected for prematurity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N3RO was a randomised controlled trial of enteral DHA supplementation (60\u2009mg\/kg\/day) or a control emulsion (without DHA) in 1273 infants born &lt;29 weeks\u2019 gestation to determine the effect on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We showed that DHA supplementation did not reduce the risk of BPD and may have increased the risk.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>In this follow-up at 5\u2009years\u2019 corrected age, a predefined subset (n=655) of children from five Australian sites will be invited to attend a cognitive assessment with a psychologist. Children will be administered the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (fourth edition) and a measure of inhibitory control (fruit stroop), while height, weight and head circumference will be measured.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome is full-scale IQ. To ensure 90% power, a minimum of 592 children are needed to detect a four-point difference in IQ between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Research personnel and families remain blinded to group assignment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Women\u2019s and Children Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee reviewed and approved the study (HREC\/17\/WCHN\/187). Caregivers will give informed consent prior to taking part in this follow-up study. Findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12612000503820.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T12:52:52Z","timestamp":1612702372000},"page":"e041597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protocol for assessing whether cognition of preterm infants &lt;29 weeks\u2019 gestation can be improved by an intervention with the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): a follow-up of a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline F","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology & Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Makrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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