{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:29:12Z","timestamp":1765960152820,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the association between N95 respirator wearing and device-related pressure injury (DRPI) and to provide a basis for protecting medical staff from skin injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, multicentre study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical staff of 60 hospitals were selected from 145 designated medical institutions located in the epidemic area where the patients with COVID-19 were treated in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 1761 respondents wore N95 respirators (use alone 20.8%; combination use 79.2%), and the prevalence of DRPI was 59.2% (95% CI 56.93 to 61.53). A daily wearing time of &gt;4 hours (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.35), wearing a N95 respirator in combination with goggles both with the presence of sweating (OR 13.40, 95%\u2009CI 7.34 to 23.16) and without the presence of sweating (OR 0.80, 95%\u2009CI 0.56 to 1.14) and wearing only a N95 respirator with the presence of sweating (OR 9.60, 95%\u2009CI 7.00 to 13.16) were associated with DRPI. A correspondence analysis indicated that if there was no sweating, regardless of whether the N95 respirator was worn by itself or in combination with goggles, single-site DRPI mainly occurred on the nose bridge, cheek and auricle. If there was sweating present, regardless of whether the N95 was worn by itself or in combination with goggles, multiple DRPI sites occurred more often on the face.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of DRPI among medical staff caused by N95 respirators was very high, which was mainly associated with a longer daily wearing time and interaction with sweating. The nasal bridge, cheeks and auricles were the primary protection locations found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-041880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T11:27:46Z","timestamp":1613647666000},"page":"e041880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between N95 respirator wearing and device-related pressure injury in the fight against COVID-19: a multicentre cross-sectional survey in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0017-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qixia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate department of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate department of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Academic Department, Zhejiang Top-medical Dressing Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.1","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China . Law of the people\u2019s republic of china on prevention and treatment of infectious diseases [EB\/OL], 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/jkj\/s7915\/202001\/e4e2d5e6f01147e0a8df3f6701d49f33.shtml"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.2","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China . The management of COVID-19 prevention and control (The fifth edition) [EB\/OL], 2020. 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Available: http:\/\/www.internationalguideline.com\/"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2017.09.008","article-title":"Medical device-related pressure injuries: an exploratory descriptive study in an acute tertiary hospital in Australia","volume":"26","author":"Barakat-Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.8.512","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of medical device-related pressure ulcers in intensive care: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Barakat-Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.006","article-title":"Medical device-related pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Jackson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.12","unstructured":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention . Technical guidelines on the selection and use of anti-COVID-19 respirator for different populations, 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.nhc.gov.cn\/jkj\/s7916\/202002\/485e5bd019924087a5614c4f1db135a2.shtml"},{"key":"2025121410115264000_11.2.e041880.13","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China . Guidelines on medical protective products during prevention and control of viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19 [EB\/OL], 2020. 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