{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1789802258518,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sultanate of Oman","award":["Al-Jabri"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Al-Jabri"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders are common conditions with significant impact on visual function, appearance and quality of life. We aimed to establish a core set of outcomes for each of the three conditions for use in clinical trials and routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive databank of outcomes was developed from a systematic review of the literature and a series of focus groups with healthcare professionals, researchers, patients and carers. The databank of outcomes was scored in a two-round Delphi Survey completed by two stakeholder groups: healthcare professionals\/researchers and patients\/carers. Results of the online Delphi were discussed at a face-to-face consensus meeting where the core outcome sets were finalised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UK-wide consultation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Researchers, clinicians, patients and carers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Core outcome sets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility, 40\/42\/33 participants contributed to both rounds of the Delphi; six\/nine\/seven members attended consensus meetings, respectively. Consensus was reached on ten core outcomes for both amblyopia and ocular motility and nine for strabismus. All three conditions shared the core outcomes:\n                      <jats:italic>adverse events, cost, vision-related quality of life and ocular alignment<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The strabismus and ocular motility disorder core sets included, in addition,\n                      <jats:italic>measuring the deviation, binocular vision, ocular movement, patient satisfaction and symptoms<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The amblyopia set, distinct from the sets for the other two conditions, included\n                      <jats:italic>best corrected distance and near visual acuity, spherical and cylindrical refraction, compliance and treatment-related and functionality\/long-term impacts<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used robust consensus methods to develop a core outcome set for three ophthalmic conditions. Implementation of these core outcome sets in clinical trials and routine clinical practice will ensure that the outcomes being measured and reported are relevant to all stakeholders. This will enhance the relevance of study findings and enable comparison of results from different studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:24:45Z","timestamp":1620779085000},"page":"e042403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Core outcome set for three ophthalmic conditions: a healthcare professional and patient consensus on core outcome sets for amblyopia, ocular motility and strabismus (COSAMS Study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Samiya","family":"Al-Jabri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona J","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2579-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie J","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Manchester University, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408272861000_11.5.e042403.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314759"},{"key":"2025121408272861000_11.5.e042403.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S93714","article-title":"Advantages, limitations, and diagnostic accuracy of photoscreeners in early detection of amblyopia: a review","volume":"10","author":"Sanchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025121408272861000_11.5.e042403.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12663","article-title":"The functional impact of amblyopia","volume":"101","author":"Webber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"2025121408272861000_11.5.e042403.4","first-page":"CD007738","article-title":"Spectacle correction versus no spectacles for prevention of strabismus in hyperopic children","author":"Jones-Jordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121408272861000_11.5.e042403.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theodorou M , Karim R , Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group . 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