{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:38:39Z","timestamp":1772163519020,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms related to suspected bladder outflow obstruction from benign prostate hyperplasia\/enlargement in men is increasing. This is leading to high demand on healthcare services; however, there is limited knowledge of differences in pharmacotherapy prescribing for this condition based on geography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate potential variation in drug prescribing for suspected bladder outflow obstruction in Scotland, based on analysis of publicly available data, to identify trends and inform future prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal register-based data study of prescribing and patient data publicly available from Scottish registries. All information is available as monthly aggregates at the level of single general practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>903 (97%) general practices in Scotland, over a 50-month period (October 2015 to November 2019).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measurements and statistical analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed numbers of daily doses of drugs for suspected bladder outflow obstruction prescribed per month using a Bayesian Poisson regression analysis, incorporating random effects to account for spatial and temporal elements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescriptions for suspected bladder outflow obstruction medications increased during the observation period (overall average rate of change 1.24\u00b10.28, ranging from 0.893 in Orkney to 1.95 in Lanarkshire). While some determinants of health inequality regarding prescribing practices across health boards are consistent with those known from the literature, other inequalities remain unexplained after accounting for practice-specific and patient-specific characteristics such as deprivation and rurality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inequalities in prescribing for suspected bladder outflow obstruction medications exist in Scotland, partially ascribable to accepted sociodemographic and geographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T20:35:05Z","timestamp":1613421305000},"page":"e042606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prescribing patterns for medical treatment of suspected prostatic obstruction: a longitudinal register-based study of the Scottish Health and Social Care Open Data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Andreis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea E","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GPPC, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121509524939000_11.2.e042606.1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology . 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