{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T06:06:32Z","timestamp":1768025192782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209560\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209560\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_PC_19004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_PC_19004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R008345\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R008345\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011529","name":"Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009324","name":"Tommy's","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Charity number England and Wales 1060508; Scotland"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Charity number England and Wales 1060508; Scotland"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy are not fully delineated. We will describe the incidence of COVID-19 in pregnancy at population level in Scotland, in a prospective cohort study using linked data. We will determine associations between COVID-19 and adverse pregnancy, neonatal and maternal outcomes and the proportion of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates associated with maternal COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study using national linked data sets. We will include all women in Scotland, UK, who were pregnant on or became pregnant after, 1 March 2020 (the date of the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Scotland) and all births in Scotland from 1 March 2020 onwards. Individual-level data will be extracted from data sets containing details of all livebirths, stillbirth, terminations of pregnancy and miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies treated in hospital or attending general practice. Records will be linked within the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) platform, which includes primary care records, virology and serology results and details of COVID-19 Community Hubs and Assessment Centre contacts and deaths. We will perform analyses using definitions for confirmed, probable and possible COVID-19 and report serology results (where available). Outcomes will include congenital anomaly, miscarriage, stillbirth, termination of pregnancy, preterm birth, neonatal infection, severe maternal disease and maternal deaths. We will perform descriptive analyses and appropriate modelling, adjusting for demographic and pregnancy characteristics and the presence of comorbidities. The cohort will provide a platform for future studies of the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic interventions and immunisations for COVID-19 and their effects on childhood and developmental outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 in Pregnancy in Scotland is a substudy of EAVE II(, which has approval from the National Research Ethics Service Committee. Findings will be reported to Scottish Government, Public Health Scotland and published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T15:38:48Z","timestamp":1606405128000},"page":"e042813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["COVID-19 in Pregnancy in Scotland (COPS): protocol for an observational study using linked Scottish national data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4308-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Jane","family":"Stock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, The University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5194-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin R","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen R","family":"Stagg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utkarsh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-833X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"McCowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7487-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leanne","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6137-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Donaghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9380-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practice and Primary Care, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4453-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605294542000_10.11.e042813.1","unstructured":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Pregnancy . 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