{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1793928989482,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Hospital Scientific Research Training Project","award":["PX2020036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PX2020036"]}]},{"name":"Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation Project Award in Geriatrics","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018YFC1312001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1312001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["7202059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7202059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrinsic capacity (IC) was proposed by the WHO as a new concept for capturing an individual\u2019s functional capacities across their lifetime. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with IC decline and examine associations between IC and adverse outcomes among community-dwelling older adults in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were derived from the China Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Study, a population-based nationally representative sample. IC comprises of five domains: locomotion, cognition, vitality, sensory and psychology. Participants were deemed to have IC decline if they showed a decline in any of the five domains. Sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes and adverse outcomes were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 5823 community-dwelling participants aged 60\u201398 years, 2506 had IC decline (weighted 39.9%): 57.7% in western, 38.3% in northern, 33.7% in northwest, 36.1% in middle, 16.9% in eastern and 19.8% in northeast China. The number of participants with decline in the locomotion, cognition, vitality, sensory and psychological domains were 1039 (17.8%), 646 (11.1%), 735 (12.6%), 824 (14.2%) and 713 (12.2%), respectively. Age, northern residence, low education, being unmarried, low income, less exercise, less meat intake, insomnia, memory loss, urinary incontinence, constipation, slowness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoarthritis were related to IC decline. After adjusting for age, sex, area, district, marriage, education, waist\u2013hip ratio, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, income and chronic diseases, IC decline was independently associated with risk of frailty, disability, falls, fractures and immobility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of IC decline in China is high. IC decline was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, after adjustment for related variables. Efforts promoting IC to delay functional dependence should focus on modifiable factors, including negative social factors, poor lifestyle, chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T14:07:19Z","timestamp":1609855639000},"page":"e043062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Cross-sectional study examining the status of intrinsic capacity decline in community-dwelling older adults in China: prevalence, associated factors and implications for clinical care"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadish K","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5427","article-title":"Improving Person-Centredness in integrated care for older people: experiences from thirteen integrated care sites in Europe","volume":"20","author":"Stoop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.3","unstructured":"Integrated care for older people: guidelines on community-level interventions to manage declines in intrinsic capacity [online], 2017. Available: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29608259\/ [Accessed 3 Jul 2020]."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Ageing and health [online], 2018. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health [Accessed 23 Jun 2018]."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu R , Cecilia Tong JW . Effect of an integrated care model for pre-frail and frail older people living in community. Age Ageing [online] 2020 https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ageing\/article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaa087\/5848668?redirectedFrom=fulltext","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa087"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.6","unstructured":"Framework implementation of the INSPIRE ICOPE-CARE program in collaboration with the world Health organization (who) in the Occitania region. J Frailty Aging 2020:1\u20137."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charles A , Buckinx F , Locquet M . Prediction of adverse outcomes in nursing home residents according to intrinsic capacity proposed by the world Health organization | the journals of gerontology: series a | Oxford academic. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz218"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110716","article-title":"Associations of C-reactive protein and homocysteine concentrations with the impairment of intrinsic capacity domains over a 5-year follow-up among community-dwelling older adults at risk of cognitive decline (MAPT study)","volume":"127","author":"Giudici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0849-y","article-title":"Development of a healthy ageing index in Latin American countries - a 10\/66 dementia research group population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.06.012","article-title":"Effect of long-term omega-3 supplementation and a lifestyle multidomain intervention on intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults: secondary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (MAPT study)","volume":"141","author":"Giudici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.11","article-title":"Effect of various exercises on intrinsic capacity in older adults with subjective cognitive concerns","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1251-5","article-title":"Allostatic load as a biological substrate to intrinsic capacity: a secondary analysis of CRELES","volume":"23","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Robledo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma L , Liu P , Zhang Y . High serum tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 levels are related to risk of low intrinsic capacity in elderly adults. J Nutr Heal Aging 2020:1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1533-y"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.14","unstructured":"Barreto P de S , Guyonnet S , Ader I . The Inspire research Initiative: a program for Geroscience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the healthcare system. J Frailty Aging 2020:1\u20138."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026119"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12373","article-title":"Reference values for handgrip strength and their association with intrinsic capacity domains among older adults","volume":"10","author":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly011","article-title":"Evidence for the domains supporting the construct of intrinsic capacity","volume":"73","author":"Cesari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1397-1","article-title":"COVID-19 and intrinsic capacity","volume":"24","author":"Nestola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00174","article-title":"Cognitive frailty in China: results from China comprehensive geriatric assessment study","volume":"4","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.07.029","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of disability in older adults in China: findings from China comprehensive geriatric assessment study","volume":"73","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma L , Tang Z , Zhang L , et al . Prevalence of frailty and associated factors in the community-dwelling population of China. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15214"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.22","unstructured":"WHO . Meeting of the clinical consortium on healthy ageing. WHO, 2018."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160119","article-title":"Mini-Mental state examination in elderly Chinese: a population-based normative study","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.25","unstructured":"Screening for malnutrition: a multidisciplinary responsibility. Development and Use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (\u2018MUST\u2019) for adults. Redditch: BAPEN 2003."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439600800205"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.11.002","article-title":"Use of the frailty index in evaluating the prognosis of older people in Beijing: a cohort study with an 8-year follow-up","volume":"64","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.738"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15214","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty and associated factors in the community-dwelling population of China","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1355819620931872","article-title":"Evaluating integrated care for people with complex needs","volume":"26","author":"Kasteridis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2020.8","article-title":"Integrated care for older people and the implementation in the INSPIRE care cohort","volume":"7","author":"Takeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1393-7","article-title":"Incidence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults: a nationally representative profile in China","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.008","article-title":"Neighborhood environments and intrinsic capacity interact to affect the health-related quality of life of older people in New Zealand","volume":"139","author":"Stephens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.34","unstructured":"WHO . Integrated care for older people (ICOPE): guidance for person-centred assessment and pathways in primary care. who, 2019. Available: http:\/\/www.who.int\/ageing\/publications\/icope-handbook\/en\/ [Accessed 3 Jul 2020]."},{"key":"2025121513424385000_11.1.e043062.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00133","article-title":"Frailty and intrinsic capacity: two distinct but related constructs","volume":"6","author":"Belloni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T21:42:53Z","timestamp":1765834973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}