{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:20:56Z","timestamp":1775254856360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71874003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71874003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81703240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the association of long-term use of antipsychotics with the risk of dyslipidaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic health record data of adult mental health inpatients in all 19 specialised psychiatric hospitals in Beijing from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2018 was obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were inpatients aged 18 years or older with at least two admissions, excluding those with diagnosed dyslipidaemia and fatty liver at the first admission. We included 22\u2009329 adult inpatients with no dyslipidaemia and fatty liver at baseline. The exposure was antipsychotics use, defined as antipsychotics prescription in the treatment procedures of medical record preceding dyslipidaemia diagnosis during the follow-up period. 15\u2009930 (71.34%) had antipsychotics use, and 6399 (28.66%) never had antipsychotics use. We used the length of follow-up as proxy for the duration of antipsychotics exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was newly recorded dyslipidaemia defined by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4069 inpatients had newly recorded dyslipidaemia during 73\u2009418.07 person-years, the incidence rate was 5.54 per 100 person-years. The incidence rate was 7.22 per 100 person-years in the exposed group and 3.43 per 100 person-years in the unexposed group. Results of multivariate analysis showed that antipsychotics use was associated with higher risk of dyslipidaemia (adjusted HR, aHR 2.41, 95%\u2009CI 2.24 to 2.59, p&lt;0.001), regardless of the duration of antipsychotics use. Inpatients aged 18\u201329 years had higher risk of dyslipidaemia (aHR 3.38, 95%\u2009CI 2.77 to 4.12, p=0.004) than those in other age groups. Inpatients without hypertension had substantially higher risk of dyslipidaemia after antipsychotic exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both short-term and long-term antipsychotics use was associated with higher risk of dyslipidaemia among Chinese inpatients with mental illness. Dyslipidaemia was especially prominent in young patients and those without hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1612073125000},"page":"e043259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of dyslipidaemia with antipsychotic drug treatment in Chinese inpatients with mental illness: a hospital-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fude","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Botao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhan","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moning","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Policy Research Center, Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Information Center, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiren","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5059-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/mdehert","article-title":"The intriguing relationship between coronary heart disease and mental disorders","volume":"20","author":"De Hert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2502","article-title":"Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.149","article-title":"Comparative mortality risk in adult patients with schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder participating in psychopharmacology clinical trials","volume":"70","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20204"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.006","article-title":"The prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia among adults in China","volume":"248","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7827-5","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia among adults in rural and urban China: findings from the China national stroke screening and prevention project (CNSSPP)","volume":"19","author":"Opoku","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00297","article-title":"Metabolic issues in patients affected by schizophrenia: clinical characteristics and medical management","volume":"9","author":"Ventriglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1314","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: baseline results from the RAISE-ETP study","volume":"71","author":"Correll","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20614","article-title":"The impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.10","first-page":"39","article-title":"The association between dyslipidaemia and types of antipsychotic medications among patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Ruzanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30416-X","article-title":"Comparative effects of 18 antipsychotics on metabolic function in patients with schizophrenia, predictors of metabolic dysregulation, and association with psychopathology: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Pillinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.156"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp116"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9410575","article-title":"Dyslipidaemia and medical outcome (health related quality of life) in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics in Enugu, Nigeria","volume":"2017","author":"Olose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry J"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318166c4f7"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60857-0"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv060"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1322","article-title":"Real-World Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Treatments in a Nationwide Cohort of 29\u202f823 Patients With Schizophrenia","volume":"74","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.09.001","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients with the earliest stages of both illness and antipsychotic treatment","volume":"179","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.20","unstructured":"World Health Organization . International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems, 10th revision [Chinese version. Beijing: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House, 1996."},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.21","first-page":"390","article-title":"Joint Committee for developing Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.06.003","article-title":"Increased risk of hyperlipidemia in patients with major depressive disorder: a population-based study","volume":"75","author":"Chien","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.04.003","article-title":"Increased risk of hyperlipidemia in patients with bipolar disorder: a population-based study","volume":"37","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20252"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60733-3"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.10.002","article-title":"Early changes of blood lipid levels during psychotropic drug treatment as predictors of long-term lipid changes and of new onset dyslipidemia","volume":"12","author":"Delacr\u00e9taz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002066"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00739","article-title":"Increased appetite plays a key role in olanzapine-induced weight gain in First-Episode schizophrenia patients","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.161","article-title":"A potential mechanism underlying atypical antipsychotics-induced lipid disturbances","volume":"5","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20516","article-title":"What is the risk-benefit ratio of long-term antipsychotic treatment in people with schizophrenia?","volume":"17","author":"Correll","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120618334362000_11.1.e043259.31","article-title":"Antipsychotic adherence and its correlation to health outcomes for chronic comorbid conditions","volume":"14","author":"Farley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043259","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T02:33:57Z","timestamp":1765074837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043259","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}