{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:18:52Z","timestamp":1792811932543,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81902967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020ZDLSF01-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLSF01-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early life bronchiolitis has been hypothesised to be associated with the subsequent risk of persistent wheezing or asthma. However, the link remains controversial. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the late-onset wheezing\/asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between 1955 and January 2020. Meanwhile, we also checked through the reference lists of relevant articles to see whether these references included reports of other studies that might be eligible for the review. Cohort and case\u2013control studies assessing the association between early-life bronchiolitis and late-onset wheezing\/asthma were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results were pooled using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity among studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>32 original articles with 292 844 participants, which met the criteria, were included in this meta-analysis. Bronchiolitis before 2 years of age was associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing\/asthma (relative risk=2.46, 95% CI 2.14 to 2.82, p&lt;0.001). After categorising studies into different groups based on age at the end of follow-up, geographical region and study quality, the association still remained significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis indicates an association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the wheezing\/asthma in later life. Well-designed and highly standardised prospective studies that better address bias due to potential confounding factors are needed to validate the risk identified in our meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42018089453.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T14:16:26Z","timestamp":1622211386000},"page":"e043956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Association between early bronchiolitis and the development of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guizuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengdong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0170"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.01981.x"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2010.2.4.215"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24961","article-title":"The association between secondhand smoke and childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0753-7","article-title":"Risk factors in preschool children for predicting asthma during the preschool age and the early school age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Bao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13132"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420932487","article-title":"Effect of exposure to cats and dogs on the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24338","article-title":"Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood for asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13230","article-title":"Swimming attendance during childhood and development of asthma: meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Valeriani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/19.9.485"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2016.08.004","article-title":"Acute viral bronchiolitis and risk of asthma in schoolchildren: analysis of a Brazilian newborn cohort","volume":"93","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20578"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69077-6"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115646","article-title":"Early childhood predictors of asthma","volume":"132","author":"Sherman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6104.11"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.4.482"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.07.004","article-title":"Cohort study of severe bronchiolitis during infancy and risk of asthma by age 5 years","volume":"5","author":"Balekian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31829061e8","article-title":"Association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in infants and respiratory sequelae: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"R\u00e9gnier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013034","article-title":"Association between rhinovirus wheezing illness and the development of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-16"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh221"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220","article-title":"Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies","volume":"103","author":"Miettinen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.28","unstructured":"J H , S G . Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008."},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022363"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513737"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24625","article-title":"Risk factors for fixed airflow obstruction in children and adolescents with asthma: 4-year follow-up","volume":"55","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1788-3","article-title":"Environmental factors association between asthma and acute bronchiolitis in young children--a perspective cohort study","volume":"171","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22842","article-title":"Increased asthma risk and impaired quality of life after bronchiolitis or pneumonia in infancy","volume":"49","author":"Backman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12662"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.121582"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9906076"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.4.500","article-title":"Asthma and immunoglobulin E antibodies after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a prospective cohort study with matched controls","volume":"95","author":"Sigurs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-730OC"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22978","article-title":"The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 polymorphisms","volume":"50","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170100077015"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008787"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.1.9807104"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.012"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.1999.0748"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00019902"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.11.1070"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00298.x"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-31"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20597"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2012.01283.x","article-title":"The outcome after severe bronchiolitis is related to gender and virus","volume":"23","author":"Mikalsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00188210"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12104","article-title":"Air pollution interacts with past episodes of bronchiolitis in the development of asthma","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22692"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087162"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12150","article-title":"Gestational age-specific associations between infantile acute bronchiolitis and asthma after age five","volume":"28","author":"Strickland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12401","article-title":"Risk factors for acute asthma in tropical America: a case-control study in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador","volume":"26","author":"Ardura-Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13347","article-title":"Risk factors for asthma after infant bronchiolitis","volume":"73","author":"T\u00f6rm\u00e4nen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121906","article-title":"A longitudinal study on early hospitalized airway infections and subsequent childhood asthma","volume":"10","author":"Jeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.4.315"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14412","article-title":"Prospective study confirms that bronchiolitis in early infancy increases the risk of reduced lung function at 10-13 years of age","volume":"108","author":"Riikonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10229"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00127606"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2015.7.2.167"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.02.021"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0546(01)79032-5","article-title":"[Viral infection and asthma: immunologic mechanisms]","volume":"29","author":"Lorente","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0278-z"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.03.019","article-title":"Involvement of epigenetic modification in epithelial immune responses during respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"130","author":"Caixia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2016.08.004","article-title":"Acute viral bronchiolitis and risk of asthma in schoolchildren: analysis of a Brazilian newborn cohort","volume":"93","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.10.034","article-title":"Increased Moraxella and Streptococcus species abundance after severe bronchiolitis is associated with recurrent wheezing","volume":"145","author":"Mansbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201008-1331ED"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2305"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30055-9","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus prevention and asthma in healthy preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Scheltema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1812OC","article-title":"Palivizumab prophylaxis in preterm infants and subsequent recurrent wheezing. six-year follow-up study","volume":"196","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0328","article-title":"Short- and long-term pulmonary outcome of Palivizumab in children born extremely prematurely","volume":"149","author":"Prais","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00247-9"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-5"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1471OC"},{"key":"2025121409512345000_11.5.e043956.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117249","article-title":"Re: \"A critical look at some popular meta-analytic methods\"","volume":"140","author":"Olkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:51:33Z","timestamp":1765734693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043956","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}