{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:26:54Z","timestamp":1784194014005,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Innovation of Nice University Hospital","award":["2020-A02303-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-A02303-36"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary tract infections occur in around 1%\u20134% of boys and 3%\u20138% of girls under 2 years old. Diagnosis is difficult because of non-specific symptoms and the risk of urine analysis contamination depending on the sampling method used for precontinent infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommend transurethral catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration because of a low contamination rate but these techniques are invasive. On the other hand, while the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence advocate clean catch urine for its minimal invasiveness and acceptable contamination rate, it is difficult to accomplish in precontinent infants. Two recent methods have been described: the Quick-Wee method by Kaufman <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> (suprapubic stimulation with cold saline-soaked gauze); and bladder stimulation by Herreros <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> then by Tran <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic> (pubic tapping alternating with lumbar massage). This study aims to compare the effectiveness in collecting midstream urine by bladder stimulation vs the Quick-Wee method in infants under 1 year, before walking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is a multicentre randomised controlled trial of 230 infants under 1 year and before walking who need urine analysis, conducted in four paediatric emergency departments in France. Patients will be randomised into two groups: bladder stimulation and Quick-Wee method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The primary endpoint will be the success rate of voiding at least 2 mL of urine in less than 5 min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary outcomes are the time to collect at least 2 mL of urine, comfort, quality of urine and the risk factors associated with failure of the two techniques.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study protocol was approved by the French national ethic committee (consultative committee of the protection of persons). The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registry - <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\" xlink:href=\"NCT04587999\">NCT04587999<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Date and protocol version identifier<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>October 2020, V.1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1631796911000},"page":"e046324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quick-Wee versus bladder stimulation to collect midstream urine from precontinent infants under 1 year of age: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ES.Stimquick.U)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04587999","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"preResults"}],"author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Marchal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9976-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"Janicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Grasse, Grasse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Salicis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Demonchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Herisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Olla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Rancurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"B\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de N\u00e9phrologie P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Br\u00e9aud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Chirurgie P\u00e9diatrique, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bernardor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de N\u00e9phrologie P\u00e9diatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Ribet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Freyssinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Donzeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la Recherche Clinique et \u00e0 l\u2019Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Desmontils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Grasse, Grasse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Schori-Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, Centre Hospitalier d Antibes Juan les Pins, Antibes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fontas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la Recherche Clinique et \u00e0 l\u2019Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Urgences P\u00e9diatriques, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.1.60"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81531-8"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.3","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health (UK) . Urinary tract infection in children: diagnosis, treatment and long-term management. London: RCOG Press, 2007."},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2002.33786"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0479"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.1181","article-title":"Early antibiotic treatment for pediatric febrile urinary tract infection and renal scarring","volume":"170","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02785.x"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1330"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.130799"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02449.x"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12697","article-title":"Improving clean-catch contamination rates: a prospective interventional cohort study: improving clean-catch contamination rates","volume":"28","author":"Teo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14090","article-title":"Performing a urine dipstick test with a clean-catch urine sample is an accurate screening method for urinary tract infections in young infants","volume":"107","author":"Herreros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107466"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000273068"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532805X23326"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2434-z"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.116160"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2012.08.003","article-title":"[Voiding disorders in childhood: from physiology to symptomatology]","volume":"19","author":"Br\u00e9aud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00154.2010"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-301872"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/20.5.e30"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152598"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011357"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1341"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.024"},{"key":"2025101812174070000_11.9.e046324.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.02.013"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T19:17:49Z","timestamp":1760815069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046324","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}