{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:10:28Z","timestamp":1791637828733,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1417\/A22962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1417\/A22962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Scottish Government\u2019s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of East Anglia.","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"The Foundation for Polish Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["POIR.04.04.00-00-5CF3\/18-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00-00-5CF3\/18-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated, real-time assessments of phenomena (eg, cognitions, emotions, behaviours) over a period of time in naturalistic settings. EMA is increasingly used to study both within-person and between-person processes. We will review EMA studies investigating key health behaviours and synthesise: (1) study characteristics (eg, frequency of assessments, adherence, incentives), (2) associations between psychological predictors and behaviours and (3) moderators of adherence to EMA protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will focus on EMA studies conducted across five public health behaviours in adult, non-clinical populations: movement behaviour (including physical activity and sedentary behaviour), dietary behaviour, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and preventive sexual health behaviours. Studies need to have assessed at least one psychological or contextual predictor of these behaviours. Studies reporting exclusively on physiological outcomes (eg, cortisol) or those not conducted under free-living conditions will be excluded. We will search OVID MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science using terms relevant to EMA and the selected health behaviours. Reference lists of existing systematic reviews of EMA studies will be hand searched. Identified articles will be screened by two reviewers. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive summary of EMA studies assessing psychological or contextual predictors of five public health behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations. Data from included studies will be made available to other researchers. No ethics are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020168314.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:26:49Z","timestamp":1626431209000},"page":"e046435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Systematic review of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies of five public health-related behaviours: review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5961-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Kwasnicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4660-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1381-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Yeboah-Asiamah Asare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"},{"name":"Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural and Implementation Science Group, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gill A","family":"ten Hoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Verboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3285-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Perski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone AA , Shiffman S . Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in behavorial medicine. Ann Behav Med 1994.","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/16.3.199"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12049","article-title":"Useful theories should apply to individuals","volume":"18","author":"Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2012_26_067"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201600523","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment and intervention in the treatment of psychotic disorders: a systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.05.007"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023660"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034974"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.022"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.10.021","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment of everyday social experiences of people with schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"216","author":"Mote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v36.1.10","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment and alcohol use disorder treatment","volume":"36","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.006"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6641","article-title":"Compliance with mobile ecological momentary assessment protocols in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx078"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.01.014"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000092"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12966-020-01042-2\/TABLES\/2"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v36.1.03","article-title":"Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess situation-level predictors of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences","volume":"36","author":"Wray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.024"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112696","article-title":"A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment of diet: implications and perspectives for nutritional epidemiology","volume":"11","author":"Maugeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1108-9","article-title":"Alcohol use predicts sexual decision-making: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental literature","volume":"20(Suppl 1)","author":"Scott-Sheldon","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-018-9735-x","article-title":"Everyday social interactions and intra-individual variability in affect: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Motiv Emot"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/11170","article-title":"Mobile ecological momentary diet assessment methods for behavioral research: systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Schembre","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14503","article-title":"Compliance with ecological momentary assessment protocols in substance users: a meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190146"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.25","unstructured":"WHO . Obesity and overweight [Internet], 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.26","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation . Covidence systematic review software, 2016."},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4954","article-title":"A systematic review of methods and procedures used in ecological Momentary assessments of diet and physical activity research in youth: an adapted STROBE checklist for reporting EMA studies (CREMAS)","volume":"18","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.28","unstructured":"In Balaji Y , Sankaranarayanan S , Chellappa R . Metareg: towards domain generalization using meta-regularization 2018:998\u20131008."},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W . Metafor: meta-analysis package for R. R package version 2010.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.metafor"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1652613","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Lagged regression models: a Continuous-time approach","volume":"27","author":"Kuiper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"key":"2025121513254741000_11.7.e046435.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.21449\/ijate.661803","article-title":"Jamovi: an easy to use statistical software for the social scientists","volume":"6","author":"Sahin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Assess Tools Educ"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046435","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T21:25:55Z","timestamp":1765833955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046435","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}