{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:17:46Z","timestamp":1765603066709,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Research Platform The Stress of Life \u2013 Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ethnic discrimination is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes in ethnic minority groups. It is assumed that suffering from repeated discriminatory events leads, over time, to psychological consequences such as higher perceived stress, higher negative affect and lower positive affect. Higher stress reactivity to non-discriminatory stressors, such as daily hassles, as well as anticipation and avoidance behaviour regarding discriminatory events, may further contribute to the overall burden for affected individuals. Studies investigating chronic ethnic discrimination and its psychological consequences in the daily lives of affected persons are lacking. Here, we present a study protocol to investigate the impact of chronic ethnic discrimination and acute discriminatory events in the daily lives of Turkish immigrants living in Austria, using an ambulatory assessment design. The feasibility of our study design was tested and confirmed in a pilot study (n=10).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety male Turkish immigrants will complete daily questionnaires for 30 days. Participants will indicate stress, perceived discrimination, negative and positive affect, daily hassles, anticipation and avoidance behaviour, as well as rumination with regard to discriminatory events on a daily basis. Furthermore, they will use preprogrammed iPods to assess acute discriminatory events in real time. Our hypotheses will be tested using multilevel analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the institutional review board of the University of Vienna (reference number 00358). Results will be presented at conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T19:08:43Z","timestamp":1633806523000},"page":"e046697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in the daily life of Turkish immigrants living in Austria: study protocol of a 30-day ambulatory assessment study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8994-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Goreis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urs M","family":"Nater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Mewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-008-9193-0"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13222","article-title":"Understanding how discrimination can affect health","volume":"54 Suppl 2","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.9"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2008.27.2.150"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860903192496"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015335"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027711"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-005-3678-5"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019091"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087722"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.10.805"},{"key":"2025121221135048000_11.10.e046697.13","unstructured":"Lazarus RS , Folkman S . 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