{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:04:54Z","timestamp":1781849094102,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To measure the incidence of long-term benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use among individuals with anxiety, mood and\/or sleep disorders. To identify factors associated with long-term use following the first prescription.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative databases in Manitoba, Canada. Individuals with anxiety\/mood or sleep disorder who received their first BZRA between 1 April 2001 and 31 March 2015 were included. Long-term use was defined as \u2265180 days. Logistic regression modelling was used to examine predictors of long-term use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 206\u2009933 individuals included, long-term BZRA use in the first episode of use was 4.5% (\u2265180 days) following their first prescription. Factors associated with \u2265180 days of use included male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.33, 95%\u2009CI 1.27 to 1.39), age \u226565 (aOR 5.15, 95%\u2009CI 4.81 to 5.52), income assistance (aOR 1.68, 95%\u2009CI 1.55 to 1.81), previous non-BZRA psychotropic (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.83 to 2.02) or opioid use (aOR 1.16, 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 1.22), high comorbidity (aOR 1.43, 95%\u2009CI 1.32 to 1.55), high healthcare use (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.60) and psychiatrist prescriber (aOR 2.11, 95%\u2009CI 1.93 to 2.32).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Less than 1 in 20 patients use BZRAs \u2265180 days in their first treatment episode. Several factors were associated with long-term use following the first prescription and further investigation into whether these factors need to be considered at the point of prescribing is warranted. In light of these findings, future research should examine the predictors of cumulative repeat episodes of BZRA exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T13:16:41Z","timestamp":1635772601000},"page":"e046916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk of long-term benzodiazepine and Z-drug use following the first prescription among community-dwelling adults with anxiety\/mood and sleep disorders: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jaden","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donica","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Alessi-Severini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Chateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Enns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, Univeristy of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0033-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Psychiatry, Univeristy of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813170679000_11.11.e046916.1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence","volume":"66 Suppl 2","author":"O'brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101813170679000_11.11.e046916.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.11.003","article-title":"Do benzodiazepines still deserve a major role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders? 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