{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:47:46Z","timestamp":1789868866763,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":789,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the cancer incidence rates over 10 years (2010\u20132019), in Lahore, Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An incidence study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population-based Punjab Cancer Registry was established in 2005 in Lahore, which is the provincial metropolis of the province of Punjab (five rivers), and is located in the northeast region of Pakistan. The coordinating office of the Registry is located within Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center. Both the active and passive forms of data collection are used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residents of the district of Lahore diagnosed with cancer. The average annual population of Lahore was estimated at 11.1\u2009million.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer counts and incidence rates per 100\u2009000 population, by age-group, sex and cancer site\/type, over 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Lahore, from 2010 to 2019, 58\u2009394 incident cases were reported, with the majority seen in females (57.1%). Adults accounted for 92.2%, adolescents 2.2% and children 5.6% of the total cases. Per 100\u2009000 population, the age-standardised incidence rate was 103.4 for females and 65.6 for males. Among females, the highest incidence rates were recorded for breast cancer (76.7) in adults, bone tumour (1.2) in adolescents and lymphoid leukaemia (1.6) in children, and among males, prostate cancer (10.7) in adults, bone tumour (2.2) in young adults and lymphoid leukaemia (2.4) in children. The age-specific incidence rates peaked in the 60\u201370\u2009year group, reaching a high of 420 per 100\u2009000 in women and 330 per 1\u200900\u2009000 men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Lahore, the incidence rates for cancers of the breast, prostate, lymphoid leukaemia and bone were among the highest documented. More cases were recorded in females than in males. The results reported could be used as a reference point for assessing the effectiveness of future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T14:31:17Z","timestamp":1629383477000},"page":"e047049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Cancer in Lahore, Pakistan, 2010\u20132019: an incidence study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5600-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhana","family":"Badar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400031015000_11.8.e047049.1","unstructured":"The World Bank . 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