{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:58:11Z","timestamp":1776416291670,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decisions regarding implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) must consider information about presumed health-related quality of life (HRQL). The purpose of the study was to assess HRQL in patients with ICD and compare it to a Swedish age-matched and sex-matched population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional observational trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swedish ICD cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires from ICD recipients implanted 2007\u20132017 (response rate 77.2%) were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test and effect size (ES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 223 patients (mean age 71.1\u00b19.7 years, 82.1% men) were included. In most SF-36 domains (physical functioning (PF), role physical, general health (GH), vitality, social functioning and mental health), the score for patients with ICD was significantly lower (ES range 0.23\u20130.41, ie, small difference) than norms, except for bodily pain and role emotional. Both the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) scores had ES=0.31. Men and women had similar scores. Primary and secondary prevention patients scored similarly, except for worse GH in primary prevention (p=0.016, ES=0.35). Atrial fibrillation was associated with worse PF (ES=0.41) and PCS (ES=0.38). Appropriate therapy, inappropriate shock or complications requiring surgery were not associated with lower scores in any domain. In primary prevention due to ischaemic versus non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, no domain was significantly different. PCS decreased with higher age strata (p=0.002) in contrast to MCS (p=0.986).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with ICDs have lower physical and mental HRQL than age-matched and sex-matched norms; however, the ESs are small. HRQL is similar regardless of sex, primary\/secondary prevention indication, appropriate therapy, inappropriate shock or complications, but decreases with advancing age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T11:59:48Z","timestamp":1625831988000},"page":"e047053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Health-related quality of life in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Sweden: a cross-sectional observational trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-7782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Resarch and Development Region G\u00e4vleborg, Uppsala University, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Sciences, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustav","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Resarch and Development Region G\u00e4vleborg, Uppsala University, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marita","family":"Wallhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development; Department of Building, Energy and Sustainability Science, University of G\u00e4vle, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv316"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.940148"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs090"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.054"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.02.035"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht511"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.10.002"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.02.004"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199401000-00004"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.55"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut072"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13869","article-title":"Long-Term follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients with regard to appropriate therapy, complications, and mortality","volume":"43","author":"Mattsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2025120600303291000_11.7.e047053.14","unstructured":"Cohen J . 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