{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1792069330070,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is a significant cause of acute renal failure in paediatric and adult patients. There are no large paediatric series focusing on the aetiology, treatment and courses of acute TIN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients, design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected retrospective clinical data from paediatric patients with acute biopsy-proven TIN by means of an online survey. Members of four professional societies were invited to participate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-nine physicians from 18 countries responded. 171 patients with acute TIN were included (54%\u2009female, median age 12 years). The most frequent causes were tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in 31% and drug-induced TIN in 30% (the majority of these caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). In 28% of patients, no initiating noxae were identified (idiopathic TIN). Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rose significantly from 31 at time of renal biopsy to 86\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      3\u20136 months later (p&lt;0.001). After 3\u20136 months, eGFR normalised in 41% of patients (eGFR \u226590\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), with only 3% having severe or end-stage impairment of renal function (&lt;30\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). 80% of patients received corticosteroid therapy. Median eGFR after 3\u20136 months did not differ between steroid-treated and steroid-untreated patients. Other immunosuppressants were used in 18% (n=31) of patients, 21 of whom received mycophenolate mofetil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite different aetiologies, acute paediatric TIN had a favourable outcome overall with 88% of patients showing no or mild impairment of eGFR after 3\u20136 months. Prospective randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric patients with acute TIN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T14:20:27Z","timestamp":1622211627000},"page":"e047059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Aetiology, course and treatment of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in paediatric patients: a cross-sectional web-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wente-Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, MHH, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Aksenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moskva, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Temple Street Children\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cahyani Gita","family":"Ambarsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Becherucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Emma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Fila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Montpellier University, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telma","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dona Estef\u00e2nia Hospital, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Gokce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"G\u00fclhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KfH Centre of Pediatric Nephrology, Clementine Kinderhospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Jahnukainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Kallash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kamperis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherene","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Connecticut Children\u2019s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mencarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Ospedale S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogna","family":"Niwinska-Faryna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Riordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Temple Street Children\u2019s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina R","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seha","family":"Saygili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erkin","family":"Serdaroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr Behcet Uz Children Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevgin","family":"Taner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezan","family":"Topaloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Woroniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Yel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Zieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nf Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-6418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410093946000_11.5.e047059.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh485"},{"key":"2025121410093946000_11.5.e047059.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs143"},{"key":"2025121410093946000_11.5.e047059.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5414\/CN10838","article-title":"Acute interstitial nephritis - a reappraisal and update","volume":"82","author":"Raghavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"2025121410093946000_11.5.e047059.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verghese PS , Luckritz KE , Eddy AA . 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