{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:27:04Z","timestamp":1791444424122,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to measure the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life (QoL) of survivors and their partners and family members.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cross-sectional global online survey using social media.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with COVID-19 and partners or family members (age \u226518 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online survey from June to August 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EuroQol group five dimensions three level (EQ-5D-3L) to measure the QoL of survivors of COVID-19, and the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) to assess the impact on their partner\/family member\u2019s QoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The survey was completed by 735 COVID-19 survivors (mean age=48 years; females=563) at a mean of 12.8 weeks after diagnosis and by 571 partners and 164 family members (n=735; mean age=47 years; females=246) from Europe (50.6%), North America (38.5%) and rest of the world (10.9%). The EQ-5D mean score for COVID-19 survivors was 8.65 (SD=1.9, median=9; range=6\u201314). 81.1% (596\/735) reported pain and discomfort, 79.5% (584\/735) problems with usual activities, 68.7% (505\/735) anxiety and depression and 56.2% (413\/735) problems with mobility. Hospitalised survivors (20.1%, n=148) and survivors with existing health conditions (30.9%, n=227) reported significantly more problems with mobility and usual activities (p&lt;0.05), with hospitalised also experiencing more impact on self-care (p\u22640.001). Among 735 partners and family members, the mean FROM-16 score (maximum score=highest impact =32) was 15 (median=15, range=0-32). 93.6% (688\/735) reported being worried, 81.7% (601\/735) frustrated, 78.4% (676\/735) sad, 83.3% (612\/735) reported impact on their family activities, 68.9% (507\/735) on sleep and 68.1% (500\/735) on their sex life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 survivors reported a major persisting impact on their physical and psychosocial health. The lives of their partners and other family members were also severely affected. There is a need for a holistic support system sensitive to the needs of COVID-19 survivors and their family members who experience a major \u2018secondary burden\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T20:30:23Z","timestamp":1621974623000},"page":"e047680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life of the survivors, partners and family members: a cross-sectional international online survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8158-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubina","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraz M","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart J","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5257-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam M","family":"Salek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Medicines Development, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2143-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Y","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403235845000_11.5.e047680.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30168-1"},{"key":"2025121403235845000_11.5.e047680.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S45156","article-title":"The impact of patients' chronic disease on family quality of life: an experience from 26 specialties","volume":"6","author":"Golics","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"2025121403235845000_11.5.e047680.3","unstructured":"Jisc . 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