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Sociodemographic, housing quality, occupational, behavioural and morbidity information and travel histories were collected during consecutive study visits. Blood samples from participants&gt;3 months old were used for malaria diagnosis and human genetic studies; samples from participants with laboratory-confirmed malaria have been cryopreserved for genetic and phenotypic characterisation of parasites. Serology was introduced in 2020 to measure the prevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Malaria prevalence rates were low (up to 1.0% for\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 0.6% for\n                      <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) during five consecutive cross-sectional surveys between April\u2013May 2018 and October\u2013November 2020; 63% of infections diagnosed by microscopy were asymptomatic. Malaria risk is heterogeneously distributed, with 20% study participants contributing 86% of the overall burden of\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Adult males are at greatest risk of infection and human mobility across the urban\u2013rural interface may contribute to sustained malaria transmission. Local\n                      <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      parasites are genetically diverse and fragmented into discrete inbred lineages that remain stable across space and time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two follow-up visits, with similar study protocols, are planned in 2021. We aim to identify high-risk individuals that fuel onwards malaria transmission and represent a priority target for more intensive and effective control interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03689036\">NCT03689036<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T11:47:12Z","timestamp":1637149632000},"page":"e048073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cohort profile: the M\u00e2ncio Lima cohort study of urban malaria in Amazonian Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03689036","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Igor C","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila T","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Tonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4606-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia C","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5293-9090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo U","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511212612000_11.11.e048073.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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