{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:18:42Z","timestamp":1789730322020,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pingtung Christian Hospital","award":["PS-IR-108001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS-IR-108001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the WHO (2014), cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally. More than 85% of the global cervical cancer morbidity and mortality occur in low-income and middle-income countries and the highest risk region is in Eastern and Southern Africa. Malawi has the highest age-standardised rate of cervical cancer in the world. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological profile of cervical biopsies in a public tertiary hospital in Mzuzu, northern region of Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A public tertiary hospital in Mzuzu, northern region of Malawi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of all cervical biopsy specimen reports received in a public tertiary hospital in northern Malawi over a period of 5 years from July 2013 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were obtained from original histopathology reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 500 cervical biopsy reports were reviewed during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 41.99\u00b112.5. Age ranged from 15 to 80 years. Cervicitis accounted for 46.0% (n=162) of the total non-malignant lesions seen, followed by cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, at 24.4% (n=86) and endocervical polyp, at 20.5% (n=72). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounted for 15.6% (n=78) of the total cervical biopsies studied and 85.7% of all total malignant lesions. Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma were 8.8% and 4.4%, respectively of the total malignant diagnosis. All patients with malignant lesions had HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows that cervicitis and SCC were most common among non-malignant and malignant cervical biopsies, respectively. Since the frequency of cervical cancer is high, there is a need to have well detailed national policies to be put in place to increase detection of preinvasive lesions in order to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T11:40:37Z","timestamp":1646998837000},"page":"e048283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Histopathological profile of cervical biopsies in northern Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Uchizi","family":"Kaseka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Kayira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikondi Sharon","family":"Chimbatata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8301-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Master R O","family":"Chisale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pocha","family":"Kamudumuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Shu Joseph","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balwani Chingatichifwe","family":"Mbakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Watson","family":"Sinyiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030803131237000_12.3.e048283.1","unstructured":"Bruni L , Albero G , Serrano B . ICO\/IARC information centre on HPVand cancer (HPV information centre). human papillomavirus and related diseases in the world. Summary Report 2019;17 www.hpvcentre.net"},{"key":"2023030803131237000_12.3.e048283.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"2023030803131237000_12.3.e048283.3","unstructured":"Ferlay J , Soerjomataram I , Ervik M . IARC Publications Website - GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012 v1.0 [Internet], 2012. Who, international research on cancer. 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