{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T18:48:00Z","timestamp":1765738080734,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"There was no external funding."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament (QLBA) is a new method for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Perioperative QLBA is effective, but it has not been compared with posterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB2). The present study aims to evaluate the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery with QLBA versus QLB2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\/design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a randomised, prospective, parallel group, non-inferior trial. All patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery will be randomised 1:1 to the QLBA group or the QLB2 group with general anaesthesia. The objective of the trial is to evaluate the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery with QLBA (n=50) versus QLB2 (n=50). The primary outcome for this trial is the Visual Analogue Scale scores at rest and activity (dynamic pain scores are assessed with a cough or a trial to sit up in bed) 2\u2009hours after surgery between patients who receive QLBA versus QLB2. The secondary objectives will be to compare (1) pain at rest and activity 0.5\u2009hour, 2\u2009hours, 24\u2009hours, 48\u2009hours after surgery; (2) the time spent on block operation; (3) the blocked dermatomal coverage 5\u2009min and 15\u2009min after block operation; (4) intraoperative opioid consumption; (5) types and doses of the rescue analgesic after surgery; (6) nausea and vomiting score within 24 hours after surgery; (7) time from the end of surgery to the first onset significant pain; (8) patient satisfaction score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical experience has supported that QLB is a very effective postoperative analgesic method, and we will answer the following questions in this trial: Will both approaches have the same analgesic effect and duration? Will the QLBA have a non-inferior postoperative analgesic effect compared with QLB2 or the QLBA be able to prolong the duration of analgesia after surgery? The results of this study could have actual clinical applications that could help to reduce postoperative pain and shorten hospital stays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study design was approved by the ethical committee of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China (2020-ke-321). The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2000035354.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1629808983000},"page":"e048490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament with posterior quadratus lumborum block for perioperative analgesia in laparoscopic nephrectomy: a protocol for a randomised, prospective, parallel group, non-inferior trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danxu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anshi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3847-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121410455870000_11.8.e048490.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101745"},{"key":"2025121410455870000_11.8.e048490.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0825-4","article-title":"Analgesic effect of the ultrasound-guided subcostal approach to transmuscular quadratus lumborum block in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2025121410455870000_11.8.e048490.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S257466","article-title":"Analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided preoperative unilateral lateral quadratus lumborum block for laparoscopic nephrectomy: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled 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