{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:12:09Z","timestamp":1791763929574,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A third of pregnant women in the UK are vitamin D deficient, which may confer deleterious consequences, including an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction. This study aims to determine the proportion of women that met National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) standards for vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and compare biochemical and obstetrical outcomes according to supplementation status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single-centre cross-sectional study in an antenatal centre in Birmingham, UK. Participants received a questionnaire regarding their experiences with vitamin D supplementation during their pregnancy with their general practitioner. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone profile results were obtained during the same appointment and obstetrical outcomes were collected retrospectively once participants had delivered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>41.8% of participants (n=61) received written and\/or verbal advice about supplementation, (NICE standards=100%). 72.6% (n=106) had one or more risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, of which 38.7% (n=41, NICE standards=100%) were asked about supplementation. Among those asked, 85.4% (n=41, NICE standards=100%) received the correct dosage. Compared with the supplementation group, the non-supplementation group had offspring that were 1.40 cm (95% CI 0.01 to 2.80, p=0.04) longer at birth; which was significant after adjusting for confounding factors. No significant differences in any biochemical parameters were observed between supplementation categories (p&gt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adherence to NICE standards was suboptimal. This may be attributed to insufficient training for general practitioners on the importance of supplementation, causing them to underestimate the consequences of gestational vitamin D deficiency. Recommendations include implementing a mandatory screening tool to identify \u2018at-risk\u2019 women and providing more clinician training to ensure that supplementation during pregnancy is standard of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T17:42:32Z","timestamp":1631727752000},"page":"e048705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Level of adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in an antenatal centre in Birmingham, UK, and its effect on biochemical and obstetrical outcomes: a single-centre cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7793-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liana","family":"Yamanouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maheshwari","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ansu","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102819015174000_11.9.e048705.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003"},{"key":"2024102819015174000_11.9.e048705.2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . 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