{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1791236978468,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine the long-term outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with blunt thoracic injuries over 6\u2009months from hospital discharge and develop models to predict long-term patient-reported outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective observational study using longitudinal survey design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study recruitment was undertaken at 12 UK hospitals which represented diverse geographical locations and covered urban, suburban and rural areas across England and Wales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>337 patients admitted to hospital with blunt thoracic injuries were recruited between June 2018\u2013October 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants completed a bank of two quality of life surveys (Short Form-12 (SF-12) and EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels) and two pain questionnaires (Brief Pain Inventory and painDETECT Questionnaire) at four time points over the first 6\u2009months after discharge from hospital. A total of 211 (63%) participants completed the outcomes data at 6\u2009months after hospital discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three outcomes were measured using pre-existing and validated patient-reported outcome measures. Outcomes included: Poor physical function (SF-12 Physical Component Score); chronic pain (Brief Pain Inventory Pain Severity Score); and neuropathic pain (painDETECT Questionnaire).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a trend towards improving physical functional and pain at 6\u2009months, outcomes did not return to participants perceived baseline level of function. At 6\u2009months after hospital discharge, 37% (n=77) of participants reported poor physical function; 36.5% (n=77) reported a chronic pain state; and 22% (n=47) reported pain with a neuropathic component. Predictive models were developed for each outcome highlighting important data collection requirements for predicting long-term outcomes in this population. Model diagnostics including calibration and discrimination statistics suggested good model fit in this development cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identified the recovery trajectories for patients with blunt thoracic injuries over the first 6\u2009months after hospital discharge and present prognostic models for three important outcomes which after external validation could be used as clinical risk stratification scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T15:58:41Z","timestamp":1625759921000},"page":"e049292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prospective observational study to examine health-related quality of life and develop models to predict long-term patient-reported outcomes 6 months after hospital discharge with blunt 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