{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:45:23Z","timestamp":1772257523494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R21DC017214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21DC017214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current study examined predictors of outcomes of internet-based cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy (ICBT) for individuals with tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Secondary analysis of intervention studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Internet-based guided tinnitus intervention provided in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>228 individuals who underwent ICBT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ICBT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The key predictor variables included demographic, tinnitus, hearing-related and treatment-related variables as well as clinical factors (eg, anxiety, depression, insomnia), which can have an impact on the treatment outcome. A 13-point reduction in Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) scores has been defined as a successful outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 228 subjects who were included in the study, 65% had a successful ICBT outcome. As per the univariate analysis, participants with a master\u2019s degree or above had the highest odds of having a larger reduction in tinnitus severity (OR 3.47; 95%\u2009CI 1.32 to 12.51), compared with the participants who had education only up to high school or less. Additionally, the baseline tinnitus severity was found to be a significant variable (OR 2.65; 95%\u2009CI 1.50 to 4.67) contributing to a successful outcome with the intervention. Both linear and logistic regression models have identified education level and baseline tinnitus severity to be significant predictor variables contributing to a reduction in tinnitus severity post-ICBT. As per the linear regression model, participants who had received disability allowance had shown a 25.3-point lower TFI reduction compared with those who did not experience a decrease in their workload due to tinnitus after adjusting for baseline tinnitus severity and their education level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Predictors of intervention outcome can be used as a means of triaging patients to the most suited form of treatment to achieve optimal outcomes and to make healthcare savings. Future studies should consider including a heterogeneous group of participants as well as other predictor variables not included in the current study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:bold>ClinicalTrial.gov Registration:<\/jats:bold> \n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02370810\">NCT02370810<\/jats:ext-link> (completed); <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02665975\">NCT02665975<\/jats:ext-link> (completed)<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T13:05:28Z","timestamp":1629464728000},"page":"e049384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Internet-based cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy for tinnitus: secondary analysis to examine predictors of outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02370810","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02665975","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02370810","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02665975","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Hansapani","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eldr\u00e9 W","family":"Beukes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinaya","family":"Manchaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810104928000_11.8.e049384.1","unstructured":"Davis A , Refaie AE . 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